对甲苯磺酸对聚合有什么影响
能提高聚合速率。二酸和己二醇缩聚反应中,对甲苯磺酸相当于反应的催化剂,能提高聚合速率。甲苯磺酸toluenesulfonicacid 分子式C7H8O3S。分子量172.20。有邻位、间位、对位三种异构体。呈强酸性,酸性与硫酸相当,但无氧化性。
1、硫酸催化合成DMF
不含富马酸二甲酯的干燥剂
硫酸作为催化剂是经典的合成法,产品收率可以达到92%〔4,8,9〕,虽然这种方法简单收率高,但是,由于硫酸的腐蚀性,会引起副反应,且有三废污染等缺点。
2、对甲苯磺酸催化合成DMF
甲苯磺酸作为催化剂合成DMF,产品产率为67%左右。对甲苯磺酸是一种有机酸,虽然其对设备的腐蚀性和三废比较少、不易引起副反应、产品色泽好、价廉易得、易于保存运输和使用,用量少,活性高,但是产率比较低等缺点。
3、树脂催化合成DMF
强酸性阳离子交换树脂早在20世纪50年代就开始用于一些酯化反应中,生成的酯色度低,后处理方便,可重复使用,对设备无腐蚀性,不产生三废,极有工业使用价值。使用强酸性离子交换树脂作为催化剂合成DMF,其产率可达到91.4%。
4、固体超强酸催化合成DMF
固体超强酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯超强酸是酸强度比100%硫酸更强的酸。固体超强酸具有不腐蚀设备、不污染环境、不怕水、耐高温、反应活性高、选择性好、制造容易、在反应体系中易分离、不易中毒等优点,同时可以重复使用,因而具有一定的工业应用价值。
5、氯化铁催化合成DMF
谱尼测试提供富马酸二甲酯检测服务
结晶氯化铁催化合成富马酸二甲酯结晶氯化铁(FeCI3·6H2O)是一种价廉易得的化合物,利用它催化合成富马酸二甲酯,腐蚀小,三废污染较轻,操作方便,有一定应用价值,其有利应用条件是:当催化剂0.8g,富马酸58g,甲醇20ml,,即摩尔比为0.06∶1∶10,回流4h,得白色结晶产品,收率达61.7%〔13〕。
6、杂多酸催化合成DMF
杂多酸是由两种以上无机含氧酸缩合而成的多元酸,它不仅具有多元酸和多电子还原能力,而且其酸性和氢化还原性可以通过变换组成元素在很大范围内系统地调节。它对许多反应具有高的催化活性和选择性,并且不挥发,对热稳定、污染少、可以大大减轻对设备的腐蚀,能够再生和重复使用。
7、稀土化合物催化合成DMF
稀土化合物是我国易得、资源丰富的化合物,开发稀土化合物的利用很有经济价值。李晓莉等利用三氧化二钕(Nd2O3)催化合成了富马酸二甲酯,当15g富马酸,30ml甲醇,三氧化二钕用量为3%,回流4h,得产品收率90%〔15〕。
8、BF3·(C2H5)2O催化合成DMF
三氟化硼(BF3)是强的电子接受体,强的Lewis酸,能够与供电子的羧酸中羧基形成复合物,使羧基中的碳带更多的正电荷,但BF3是气体,故催化酯化反应的进行,常利用其与醇或醛等形成钅羊盐而使用。
9、富马酸酯化法。直接以富马酸为原料,在催化剂存在下与甲醇一步合成DMF。催化剂有三氟化硼、六水氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)、硫酸或磷酸,收率高达92%。也可以阳离子树脂催化剂,采用催化精馏技术,于80-85℃下酯化反应5h。
10、马来酸异构酯化法。马来酸与甲醇在催化剂作用下,异构化、酯化得到DMF,催化剂有HCl-H2SO4和磷钨酸。用HCl-H2SO4作催化剂时,反应实际分两步进行,即HCl催化异构化反应和H2SO4催化酯化反应。马来酸与浓盐酸、水一起回流30min,得到91%的富马酸;富马酸与甲醇、浓硫酸一起回流12h,得到91.9%的产品。磷钨酸时复合催化剂,同时催化异构化和酯化反应。马来酸与甲醇,在磷钨酸存在下,回流4h,得89.4%的产品。(3)糖醛氧化酯化法。以糖醛为原料,合成分两步进行。首先糖醛在V2O5催化下用KClO3氧化成富马酸,反应温度95℃-105℃,反应时间7h,收率81.5%;然后富马酸在浓硫酸存在下,与甲醇一起加热回流,得到DMF,反应时间10h。收率86.0%。(4)马来酸酐水解异构酯化法。以马来酸酐为原料,与甲醇在催化剂作用下生成DMF。催化剂有浓盐酸、盐酸-磷酸、六水氯化铁、对甲基苯磺酸和硫脲。盐酸-磷酸属于复合催化剂,首先发生水解、酯化反应,得到马来酸二甲酯,后者再在溴与光存在下异构化才得到产品;用硫脲做催化剂,马来酸酐首先发生水解异构化反应得到富马酸,后者在硫酸存在下酯化得到产品。
实例:在100mL烧瓶中加入9.8g(0.1mol)马来酸酐、8.1mL(0.2mol)甲醇、0.5mL浓演算,加热回流1.5h。然后滴加12Ml(0.3mol)过量甲醇,0.5h滴完后,继续回流2h。反应结束后蒸出甲醇,稍冷后加入30mL乙醇,加热使固体溶解,冷却后析出晶体。两次产品分别用乙醇、水重结晶一次,得产品12.3g,产率86.2%熔点103-104℃。
1:由“甲苯”在“二氧化锰”存在时直接“氧化”,或由“邻苯二甲酸”加热“脱羧”,或由“苄川三氯”“水解”而制得。
2:“甲苯”制法(有爆炸危险,建议自己不要乱制)→由分馏“煤焦油”的轻油部分或由催化重整轻“汽油”馏分而制得。
MSDS 不知道你是想要什么版本的MSDS, 一般要英文的多 , 就给你你个英文吧 , **** MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ****
N,N-Dimethylformamide, for HPLC
**** SECTION 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION ****
MSDS Name: N,N-Dimethylformamide, for HPLC
Catalog Numbers:
27960-0000, 27960-0010, 27960-0025
**** SECTION 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS ****
+----------------+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------+
| CAS# | Chemical Name |% | EINECS# |Haz Symbols| Risk Phrases |
|----------------|--------------------------------------|----------|-----------|-----------|---------------+
| 68-12-2 |N,N-Dimethylformamide, for HPLC | | 200-679-5
+----------------+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------+
Hazard Symbols: T
Risk Phrases: 20/21 36
**** SECTION 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION ****
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. Irritating to eyes.
May cause harm to the unborn child.Toxic.Combustible liquid.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes eye irritation.
Skin:
Causes skin irritation. Harmful if absorbed through the skin.
Substance is rapidly absorbed through the skin.
Ingestion:
Causes gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and
diarrhea. May cause kidney damage. May cause liver damage.
Inhalation:
Harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May
cause effects similar to those described for ingestion.
Chronic:
Possible cancer hazard based on tests with laboratory animals.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis.
**** SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES ****
Eyes:
Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes,
occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of
water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
and shoes.
Ingestion:
Induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls
of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious
person. Get medical aid immediately.
Inhalation:
Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh
air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If
breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Notes to Physician:
**** SECTION 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES ****
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in
pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full
protective gear. Will burn if involved in a fire.
Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Use foam, dry
chemical, or carbon dioxide.
**** SECTION 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES ****
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated
in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth),
then place in suitable container. Do not flush into a sewer. Remove
all sources of ignition.
**** SECTION 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE ****
Handling:
Use only in a well-ventilated area. Use spark-proof tools and
explosion proof equipment. Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or
gas. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Use only in a chemical fume
hood.
Storage:
Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a cool, dry place.
Store in a tightly closed container.
**** SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION ****
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped
with an eyewash facility and a safety shower.
Personal Protective Equipment
Eyes:
Wear safety glasses and chemical goggles if splashing
is possible.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin
exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize
contact with skin.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29
CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use
a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved
respirator when necessary.
**** SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ****
Physical State: Clear liquid
Color: APHA: 5 max
Odor: amine-like - faint odor
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: 4.9 mbar @ 20 C
Viscosity: 0.8 mPa s 20 deg C
Boiling Point: 153 deg C @ 760.00mm Hg
Freezing/Melting Point: -61 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: 445 deg C ( 833.00 deg F)
Flash Point:58 deg C ( 136.40 deg F)
Explosion Limits, lower:2.20 vol %
Explosion Limits, upper:16.00 vol %
Decomposition Temperature:
Solubility in water:soluble in water
Specific Gravity/Density: .9450g/cm3
Molecular Formula: HCON(CH3)2
Molecular Weight: 73.09
**** SECTION 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY ****
Chemical Stability:
Stable.
Conditions to Avoid:
Stable., incompatible materials, ignition sources.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, halogenated agents,
nitrates, chloroformates.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
**** SECTION 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION ****
RTECS#:
CAS# 68-12-2: LQ2100000
LD50/LC50:
CAS# 68-12-2: Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 9400 mg/m3/2HInhalation,
rat: LC50 = 3421 ppm/1HInhalation, rat: LC50 = 3421 ppm/3H
Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 1948 ppm/4HOral, mouse: LD50 = 2900 mg/kg
Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 5 gm/kgOral, rat: LD50 = 2800 mg/kgSkin,
rabbit: LD50 = 4720 mg/kgSkin, rat: LD50 = >3.2 gm/kg.
Skin, rat: LD50 = 5 gm/kg
Carcinogenicity:
N,N-Dimethylformamide, for HPLC -
Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NIOSH, NTP, or OSHA.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.
**** SECTION 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION ****
Ecotoxicity:
Damage to fish: Gold oland test: 18 hrs LC50: 500 mg/l
**** SECTION 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS ****
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.
**** SECTION 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION ****
IATA
Shipping Name: N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Hazard Class: 3
UN Number: 2265
Packing Group: III
IMO
Shipping Name: N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Hazard Class: 3
UN Number: 2265
Packing Group: III
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Hazard Class: 3
UN Number: 2265
Packing group: III
USA RQ:CAS# 68-12-2: 100 lb final RQ45.4 kg final RQ
**** SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION ****
European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: T
Risk Phrases:
R 61 May cause harm to the unborn child.
R 20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with
skin.
R 36 Irritating to eyes.
Safety Phrases:
S 53 Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions
before use.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 68-12-2: 1
United Kingdom Occupational Exposure Limits
CAS# 68-12-2: OES-United Kingdom, TWA 10 ppm TWA30 mg/m3 TWA
CAS# 68-12-2: OES-United Kingdom, STEL 20 ppm STEL61 mg/m3 STEL
United Kingdom Maximum Exposure Limits
Canada
CAS# 68-12-2 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 68-12-2 is listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
Exposure Limits
CAS# 68-12-2: OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-CZECHOSLOVAKIA:TWA 30 mg/m3STEL 60 mg/m3
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)STEL 20 ppm (60 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 20 ppm (60 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 10 mg/m3STEL 20 mg/m3Skin
OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-POLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3
OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 10 ppmSTEL 10 mg/m3Skin
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)STEL 15 ppm (45 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)STEL 20 ppmSkin
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)Skin
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3)STEL 20 ppmSkin
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGI TLV
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 68-12-2 is listed on the TSCA inventory.
**** SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ****
MSDS Creation Date: 7/16/1996 Revision #0 Date: Original.
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best
information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of
merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to
such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users
should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the
information for their particular purposes. In no way shall the company be
liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost
profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary
damages, howsoever arising, even if the company has been advised of
the possibility of such damages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
生产工艺:
1、硫酸催化合成DMF 不含富马酸二甲酯的干燥剂 硫酸作为催化剂是经典的合成法,产品收率可以达到92%〔4,8,9〕,虽然这种方法简单收率高,但是,由于硫酸的腐蚀性,会引起副反应,且有三废污染等缺点。 2、对甲苯磺酸催化合成DMF 甲苯磺酸作为催化剂合成DMF,产品产率为67%左右。对甲苯磺酸是一种有机酸,虽然其对设备的腐蚀性和三废比较少、不易引起副反应、产品色泽好、价廉易得、易于保存运输和使用,用量少,活性高,但是产率比较低等缺点。 3、树脂催化合成DMF 强酸性阳离子交换树脂早在20世纪50年代就开始用于一些酯化反应中,生成的酯色度低,后处理方便,可重复使用,对设备无腐蚀性,不产生三废,极有工业使用价值。使用强酸性离子交换树脂作为催化剂合成DMF,其产率可达到91.4%。 4、固体超强酸催化合成DMF 固体超强酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯超强酸是酸强度比100%硫酸更强的酸。固体超强酸具有不腐蚀设备、不污染环境、不怕水、耐高温、反应活性高、选择性好、制造容易、在反应体系中易分离、不易中毒等优点,同时可以重复使用,因而具有一定的工业应用价值。 5、氯化铁催化合成DMF 谱尼测试提供富马酸二甲酯检测服务 结晶氯化铁催化合成富马酸二甲酯结晶氯化铁(FeCI3•6H2O)是一种价廉易得的化合物,利用它催化合成富马酸二甲酯,腐蚀小,三废污染较轻,操作方便,有一定应用价值,其有利应用条件是:当催化剂0.8g,富马酸58g,甲醇20ml,,即摩尔比为0.06∶1∶10,回流4h,得白色结晶产品,收率达61.7%〔13〕。 6、杂多酸催化合成DMF 杂多酸是由两种以上无机含氧酸缩合而成的多元酸,它不仅具有多元酸和多电子还原能力,而且其酸性和氢化还原性可以通过变换组成元素在很大范围内系统地调节。它对许多反应具有高的催化活性和选择性,并且不挥发,对热稳定、污染少、可以大大减轻对设备的腐蚀,能够再生和重复使用。 7、稀土化合物催化合成DMF 稀土化合物是我国易得、资源丰富的化合物,开发稀土化合物的利用很有经济价值。李晓莉等利用三氧化二钕(Nd2O3)催化合成了富马酸二甲酯,当15g富马酸,30ml甲醇,三氧化二钕用量为3%,回流4h,得产品收率90%〔15〕。 8、BF3•(C2H5)2O催化合成DMF 三氟化硼(BF3)是强的电子接受体,强的Lewis酸,能够与供电子的羧酸中羧基形成复合物,使羧基中的碳带更多的正电荷,但BF3是气体,故催化酯化反应的进行,常利用其与醇或醛等形成钅羊盐而使用。
看看多来点分吧 , hehe 多多益善啊 嘿嘿
PTS是一种化学物质,分子式是C7H8O3S M=172.20。PTS 指对甲苯磺酸P-Toiuene Suitonic acia.(PTS)
性状:白色针状或粉末状结晶,易溶于水、醇和醚,极易潮解,易使棉织物、木材、纸张等碳水化合物,脱水而碳化,难溶于苯、甲苯和二甲苯等苯系溶剂。碱熔时生成对甲酚。
用途:广泛用于合成医药、农药、聚合反应的稳定剂及有机合成(酯类等)的催化剂。也用作医药、涂料的中间体 和 树脂固化剂。
顺式异构体马来酸是利用少量溴的存在下通过光解转换成反式异构体富马酸。 而溴自由基的光转换,溴烷烃自由基攻击烯烃溴元素,形成的溴自由基再与反丁烯二酸结合。
甲苯磺酸作为催化剂合成DMF,产品产率为67%左右。对甲苯磺酸是一种有机酸,虽然其对设备的腐蚀性和三废比较少、不易引起副反应、产品色泽好、价廉易得、易于保存运输和使用,用量少,活性高,但是产率比较低等缺点。
扩展资料:
用以合成磺胺噻唑、蛋氨酸和肥猪片等药物的原料。用作染料及染色助剂、树脂及压塑粉的原料。也可用作橡胶的硫化促进剂、金属矿物的浮选剂、制邻苯二甲酸酐和富马酸的催化剂,以及用作金属防锈蚀剂。在照相材料方面,可作为显影剂和调色剂。还可用于电镀工业。硫脲还用于重氮感光纸、合成树脂涂料、阴离子交换树脂、发芽促进剂、杀菌剂等许多方面。硫脲也作为化肥使用。
参考资料来源:百度百科-硫脲
PTS有多种意思,具体如下:
1、PTS:香港警察训练学校
PTS也就是香港警察训练学校的缩写,香港警察训练学校成立于1948年,现有教职员300人,其中校长1人,副校长1人。
内设6个科,即基本训练科(负责新警训练)、支援科(负责提供枪弹和队列、体能、射击、战术训练)、进修及晋升训练科、行政科、侦缉训练科、香港警察乐队。学校的训练经费全部由香港政府负责,学员个人不用交纳任何训练费用,学校可容纳1200名学员进行训练。
2、PTS:虚拟终端
PTS,是用来配置服务器的一个命令,用来标志和检测虚拟终端。
3、PTS:预定时间系统
预定时间系统(Predetermined Time System)也称预定时间标准系统(Predetermined Time Standards),简称PTS法,是一项确定各种操作所需时间的技术,所需时间是通过预先设定不同动作的时间标准,并非通过直接观察和测量来得到的。
PTS是一项工作测量技术,基于人们基本动作所用时间(根据动作的性质和动作发生时的条件来确定)来设定给定工作绩效所需的时间,但这要通过研究大量不同的操作才能确定。
4、PTS:产品测试系统
Production Test System(PTS),测试仪器。可以用来测试电猫,数字家庭网关等。
5、PTS:甲苯磺酸
PTS是一种化学物质,分子式是C7H8O3S M=172.20。PTS 指对甲苯磺酸P-Toiuene Suitonic acia.(PTS)
性状:白色针状或粉末状结晶,易溶于水、醇和醚,极易潮解,易使棉织物、木材、纸张等碳水化合物,脱水而碳化,难溶于苯、甲苯和二甲苯等苯系溶剂。碱熔时生成对甲酚。
用途:广泛用于合成医药、农药、聚合反应的稳定剂及有机合成(酯类等)的催化剂。也用作医药、涂料的中间体 和 树脂固化剂。
参考资料来源:百度百科-PTS:甲苯磺酸
参考资料来源:百度百科-PTS:产品测试系统
参考资料来源:百度百科-PTS:预定时间系统
参考资料来源:百度百科-PTS:虚拟终端
参考资料来源:百度百科-PTS:香港警察训练学校