Gelred核酸染料是个什么鬼

下文摘自索莱宝技术文章 GelRed 是一种高灵敏、低毒性和超安全的荧光核酸凝胶染色试剂。它可替代溴化乙锭（EB），并且远高于EB的灵敏度，同时不需要脱色。由于GelRed和EB有相同的光谱特性，因此用它替代EB时不需要更换成像系统。GelRed既可用于预制凝胶也可用于电泳后染色。通常电泳后染色的灵敏度更高，并能排除染料对DNA迁移的干扰 。使用 GelRed进行电泳后染色，操作简单，不需要脱色和特殊溶液。只要将染料稀释在 0.1M NaCl 中，并将凝胶置于染色液中， 30 分钟后就可以观察。染色液在室温下极为稳定，可以多次反复使用。相比而言，预制凝胶由于不需要额外染色过程，因此染料用量更少，更为简单经济。 GelRed核酸染料的特点： Gelred其水溶染色剂通过美国环保局安全认定，废弃物可直接倒入下水道，而不会造成任何环境污染。重要提示： 1、无 毒 性：GelRed独特的油性和大分子量特点使其不能穿透细胞膜进入细胞内，艾姆斯氏试验结果也表明，该染料的诱变性远小于EB。其水溶染色剂通过美国环保局安全认定，废弃物可直接倒入下水道，而不会造成任何环境污染。 2、灵敏度高：适用于各种大小片段的电泳染色，对核酸迁移的影响小于SYBR Green I。 3、稳定性高： 可以使用微波炉加热，可以在室温下保存。 4、信噪比高：样品荧光信号强，背景信号低。 5、操作简单：与 EB 一样，在预制胶和电泳过程中不必担心染料降解；而电泳后染色过程也只需30 分钟且无需脱色或冲洗 ，即可直接用紫外凝胶透射仪观察。 6、适用范围广：适用于预制凝胶（胶染法）和凝胶电泳后染色（泡染法）。 7、与标准凝胶成像系统完美兼容 ：使用 312nm 激发的 UV 凝胶成像系统时， GelRed 可以完美的替代 EB。

酸性红B

别名：酸性紫红；酸性枣红；酸性红4B

染料索引号：C.I.Acid Red 14（14720）；C.I.Food Red 3 (14720)

英文名：Acid Red BBasovit Red 440 E (BASF)Carmoisine (CNC)Daiwa Carmoisine (KKK)Shangdacid Red B (SHD)Solar Rubine (NSK)

结构式：（略）

制法：（略）

物化性质：本品为暗红色粉末，易溶于水。溶于乙醇呈红色溶液，微溶于丙酮。遇浓硫酸呈紫色，将其稀释后得品红色沉淀。遇浓硝酸呈深红色后转红光黄色。它的水溶液加浓盐酸呈红色；加氢氧化钠液呈红光橙棕色。染色时遇铜离子色泽略暗。匀染性好。

分子式：C15H15N3O2

分子量：269.31

CAS号：493-52-7

甲基红甲红甲烷红对二甲氨基偶氮苯邻羟酸2-[[4-(二甲基氨基)苯基]偶氮基]苯甲酸Methyl red2-[[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzoic acidC.I.Acid red 2C.I.13020Benzoic acid, 2-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]

性质：有光泽的紫色结晶或红棕色粉末。熔点180-182℃。易溶于乙醇、冰醋酸，几乎不溶于水。

制备方法：由邻氨基苯甲酸重氮化后，与N，N-二甲基苯胺反应而得。

用途：甲基红是常用的酸碱指示剂之一，常浓度为0.1%乙醇溶液，pH4.4（红）-6.2（黄）。也用于原生动物活体染色。

我在枕头下面，放了10克朱砂，用红纸包住，是不会中毒的，量也不大。

朱砂又称辰砂、丹砂、赤丹、汞沙，是硫化汞（化学品名称：HgS）的天然矿石，大红色，有金刚光泽至金属光泽，属三方晶系。朱砂主要成份为硫化汞，但常夹杂雄黄、磷灰石、沥青质等。

朱砂有镇静催眠作用，认识不甚一致；有解毒防腐作用；外用能抑制或杀灭皮肤细菌和寄生虫。 朱砂为汞的化合物，汞与蛋白质中的巯基有特别的亲合力，高浓度时，可抑制多种酶和活动。进入体内的汞，主要分布在肝肾，而引起肝肾损害，并可透过血脑屏障，直接损害中枢神经系统。

中文名称：朱砂

中文别名：硫化汞(II)

英文名称：Mercury(II) Sulfide

英文别名：Mercury(II) sulfide redMERCURY(II) SULFIDEMercuric sulfide red

CAS号：1344-48-5

分子式：HgS

分子量：232.65500

精确质量：233.94300

PSA：32.09000

LogP：0.64570

中文名称：苏丹III

英文名称：Sudan III

别名名称：溶剂红23 黄光油溶红 油红 苏丹红 C6H5N:NC6H5N:NC10H6OH；三号苏丹红；

更多别名：1-[4-(Phenylazo)phenylazo]-2-naphthol Cerasin Red Fat Ponceau G Fat Soluble Sudan Scarlet B Solvent Red 23 Sudan G Sudan Red BK Tony Red

分 子 式：C22H16N4O

分 子 量：352.39 [1]

2017年10月27日，世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单初步整理参考，苏丹Ⅲ在3类致癌物清单中。[2]

中文名

苏丹III

英文名

Sudan III

别称

溶剂红23 黄光油溶红 油红

化学式

C22H16N4O

分子量

352.39

熔点

199℃

外观

棕红色粉末

化学特性

苏丹Ⅲ(Sudan Ⅲ 或 Ⅳ) 能使木栓化,角质化的细胞壁及脂肪,挥发油,树脂等染成红色或橙红色.

脂肪和苏丹染液有比较强的亲和力，苏丹3遇脂肪变橘黄色。（即萃取原理）

适合用于生物脂肪材料的鉴定，可在光学显微镜下看到被染成橘黄色的小粒。

苏丹是鉴别脂肪的染液,苏丹III(IV)可以将脂肪染成橘黄色（红色）。

配制方法

苏丹Ⅲ或苏丹Ⅳ干粉0.1g95%酒精10 ml过滤后再加入10 ml甘油(用于鉴定脂肪被苏丹红Ⅲ染为橘黄色,再进行显微观察）

物理化学性质

【中文名称】苏丹Ⅲ；三号苏丹红；磺光油溶红；苏丹红；油红；苯基偶氮-（4-偶氮）-2-萘酚

【英文名称】sudan Ⅲsudan redcerasin redoil red1-(4-(phenylzao)phenyl)azo-2-naphthol

【CAS登录号】85-86-9

【化学式】

C22H16N4O

【相对分子质量或相对原子质量】352.40

【熔点】199℃(分解)

【性状】

棕红色粉末，用醋酸结晶为棕绿色金属光泽结晶。

【溶解情况】

溶于乙醚、丙酮、石油醚、油脂、氯仿、冰乙酸、乙醇（呈红色溶液），不溶于水、碱溶液，和硫酸呈蓝绿色溶液，加水稀释有红色沉淀。

【用途】

细菌染色、油漆颜料。可用于油脂是否存在的检验。

物质是组成物体的材料。

物质首先根据组成物质的不同，分为混合物和纯净物，混合物是由多种物质组成的物质，常见的混合物包括空气、溶液、悬浊液、乳浊液、矿石和合金等。纯净物是由一种物质组成的物质，包括单质和化合物，其中单质是由一种元素组成的，分为金属、非金属、稀有气体；化合物由几种元素组成，分为无机化合物和有机化合物，无机化合物是不含碳的化合物，又分为氧化物、无机酸、碱、无机盐等，有机化合物是含碳元素的化合物，分为烃、烃的衍生物、碳水化合物、含氮有机化合物、高分子有机化合物等。这些物质在英文里怎么命名呢？

一、单质。

单质在英文里，直接用组成它的元素命名即可， 如：

金属单质：

silver 银

aluminum 铝

gold 金

barium 钡

bismuth 铋

calcium 钙

cadmium 镉

cerium 铯

cobalt 钴

chromium 铬

copper 铜

iron 铁

mercury 汞

potassium 钾

magnesium 镁

manganese 锰

sodium 钠

nickle 镍

lead 铅

palladium 钯

platinum 铂

selenium 锶

tin 锡

titanium 钛

uranium 铀

zinc 锌

非金属单质：

arsenic 砷

boron 硼

bromine 溴

diamond 金刚石

graphite 石墨

chlorine 氯气

fluorine 氟气

hydrogen 氢气

iodine 碘

nitrogen 氮气

oxygen 氧气

ozone 臭氧

white phosphorous 白磷

red phosphorous 红磷

silicon 硅

稀有气体单质：

helium 氦气

neon 氖气

argon 氩气

krypton 氪气

xenon 氙气

radon 氡气

二、氧化物。

氧化物是由两种元素组成的，其中一种为氧元素，包括酸性氧化物、碱性氧化物、两性氧化物和不成盐氧化物。命名金属氧化物的时候，按照化学式的顺序从左往右念即可，而命名非金属氧化物时，要用字首表示分子里原子的个数，如：

金属氧化物。

ferrous oxide 氧化亚铁

ferric oxide 氧化铁

ferroferric oxide 四氧化三铁

trilead tetroxide 四氧化三铅

sodium peroxide 过氧化钠

非金属氧化物。

carbon monoxide 一氧化碳

carbon dioxide 二氧化碳

sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫

nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮

nitric oxide 一氧化氮

dinitrogen trioxide 三氧化二氮

dinitrogen tetroxide 四氧化二氮

diphosphorous pentoxide 五氧化二磷

dichlorine heptoxide 七氧化二氯

water 水

三、酸。

酸是电离时生成的阳离子全部是氢离子的化合物。酸根据组成元素是否含有氧元素，可以分为含氧酸和无氧酸；根据酸中可被电离的氢原子个数，可以分为一元酸、二元酸和三元酸。

含氧酸的命名，是在除氢、氧元素之外的另一种元素的名称之后加上一个“酸”字，如：

carbonic acid 碳酸

sulfuric acid 硫酸

sulfurous acid 亚硫酸

phosphoric acid 磷酸

metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸

phosphorous acid 亚磷酸

nitric acid 硝酸

nitrous acid 亚硝酸

perchloric acid 高氯酸

chloric acid 氯酸

chlorous acid 亚氯酸

hypochlorous acid 次氯酸

acetic acid 乙酸

thiosulfuric acid 硫代硫酸

无氧酸的命名，是在“氢”字之后加上另一种元素的名称，命名为“氢某酸”，如：

hydrochloric acid 盐酸，氢氯酸

hydrosulfuric acid 氢硫酸

hydrocyanic acid 氢氰酸

四、碱。

碱是电离时生成的阴离子全是氢氧根离子的化合物，根据溶解性，可以分为可溶性碱、微溶性碱和难溶性碱，根据可电离出的氢氧根离子的个数，分为一元碱、二元碱和三元碱。氢氧根离子叫做hydroxygen，所以碱的命名是在金属元素或铵根离子的后面加上氢氧根离子。如：

aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝

sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠

calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙

barium hydroxide 氢氧化钡

cobaltous hydroxide 氢氧化亚钴

五、盐。

盐是酸和碱中和的生成物，由金属元素（或铵根）和酸根组成，可以分为正盐、酸式盐和碱式盐。

正盐：由金属元素和酸根构成，其命名是在金属元素名称后面加上酸根的名称，如：

mercury sulfate 硫酸汞

mercurous sulfate 硫酸亚汞

potassium nitrate 硝酸钾

sodium carbonate 碳酸钠

sodium hypochlorite 次氯酸钠

ferrous sulfate 硫酸亚铁

potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾

lithium propanoate 丙酸锂

sodium chloride 氯化钠

aluminum chloride 氯化铝

酸式盐：由金属元素和含氢元素的酸根组成，其命名是在酸根的前面加一个氢字，如：

sodium hydrogen sulfate 硫酸氢钠

disodium hydrogen phosphate 磷酸氢二钠

sodium dihydrogen phosphate 磷酸二氢钠

calcium bisulfate 硫酸氢钙

sodium hydrogen carbonate 碳酸氢钠

calcium bisulfite 亚硫酸氢钙

碱式盐：由金属元素、氢氧根和酸根组成，这里的金属元素的化合价一定是正一价以上，其命名是在酸根的前面加上“氢氧根”这个字，如：

dicopper dihydroxycarbonate 碱式碳酸铜

calcium hydroxychloride 碱式氯化镁

magnesium hydroxyphosphate 碱式磷酸镁

复盐：由两种金属元素和酸根组成，或者由一种金属元素和两种酸根组成，如：

sodium potassium sulfite 亚硫酸钾镁

calcium ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵钙

silver lithium carbonate 碳酸锂银

sodium ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵钠

potassium soldium carbonate 碳酸钠钾

potassium aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝钾

sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate 磷酸氢铵钠

六、有机化合物。

烃：也称为碳氢化合物，分为烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、脂环烃和芳香烃。烷烃的命名是在表示碳原子个数的数字后面加上字尾-ane，如：

methane 甲烷

ethane 乙烷

propane 丙烷

butane 丁烷

pentane 戊烷

hexane 己烷

heptane 庚烷

octane 辛烷

nonane 壬烷

decane 癸烷

undecane 十一烷

dodecane 十二烷

heptacontane 七十烷

烯烃的命名是在数字后面加上-ene的字尾，二烯烃、三烯烃的字尾为-adiene和-atriene。如：

ethylene 乙烯

propylene 丙烯

butylene 丁烯

pentylene 戊烯

propadiene 丙二烯

炔烃的命名是在数字后面加上-yne的字尾，二炔烃、三炔烃的字尾为-adiyne和-atriyne。如：

acetelyne 乙炔

propyne 丙炔

butyne 丁炔

pentyne 戊炔

butadiyne 丁二炔

有些烃中同时含双键和三键，称为烯炔。如：

hexadienyne 己烯炔

pentenyne 戊烯炔

脂环烃的命名是在烃的名称前加一个环字。如：

cyclopropane 环丙烷

cyclobutane 环丁烷

cyclohexane 环己烷

cyclopentane 环戊烷

cyclopropene 环丙烯

cyclohexenyne 环己烯炔

cyclooctadienyne 环辛二烯炔

cyclopentadiene 环戊二烯

芳香烃的命名，苯环称为benzene，前面加上侧链的烃基名称即可：

benzene 苯

pentylbenzene 戊苯

heptylbenzene 己苯

二、烃的衍生物：

烃的衍生物是由烃演变而来的，由烃中的几个氢原子被各种原子或原子团取代而成，这些原子团称为官能团。

官能团，是决定有机化合物的化学性质的原子或原子团。常见官能团碳碳双键、碳碳三键、羟基、羧基、醚键、醛基、羰基等。有机化学反应主要发生在官能团上，官能团对有机物的性质起决定作用，-X、-OH、-CHO、-COOH、-NO2、-SO3H、-NH2、RCO-，这些官能团就决定了有机物中的卤代烃、醇或酚、醛、羧酸、硝基化合物或亚硝酸酯、磺酸类有机物、胺类、酰胺类的化学性质。

一、醇类——分子中含有跟烃基或苯环侧链上的碳结合的羟基的化合物叫做醇，在烃基的后面加上字尾-ol。如：

methanol 甲醇

ethanol 乙醇

propanol 丙醇

butanediol 丁二醇

pentanetriol 戊三醇

cyclohexanetriol 环己三醇

benzenediol 苯二醇

propanetriol 丙三醇

二、酚类——芳香烃环上的氢被羟基(—OH)取代的一类芳香族化合物，在苯环的后面加上字尾-ol即可，最简单的酚叫做苯酚，如：

phenol 苯酚

如果分子中含有跟烃基或苯环侧链上的碳结合的巯基，或者芳香烃环上的氢被巯基(—SH)取代的一类芳香族化合物，则叫做硫醇和硫酚，如：

ethanethiol 乙硫醇

benzenethiol 苯硫酚

mercaptoethanol 巯基乙醇

用浓硫酸可以使醇分子间发生脱水反应，形成醚，命名时只需把发生脱水的两个醇分子的烃基后面加上醚即可，如：

diethyl ether 二乙醚

dipropyl ether 二丙醚

dinaphthyl ether 二萘醚

三、醛类——醛是由烃基与醛基相连而构成的化合物，命名时在烃基后面加上-al构成。如：

formaldehyde 甲醛

pentanal 戊醛

hexanedial 己二醛

acryaldehyde 丙烯醛

crotonaldehyde 丁烯醛

anasildehyde 对甲氧基苯甲醛

furfuraldehyde 呋喃甲醛

四、酮类——酮是羰基与两个烃基相连的化合物，命名时，在这两个烃基的后面加上酮字即可，根据羰基的个数，可以分为一元酮、二元酮和三元酮等：

propone 丙酮

butanone 丁酮

pentenone 戊烯酮

hexanedione 戊二酮

diethylketone 二乙酮，戊酮

ethylmethylketone 甲乙酮

phenylethylketone 苯乙酮

五、醌类——醌是含有共轭环己二烯二酮或环己二烯二亚甲基结构的一类有机化合物的总称。命名时，把醌字放在烃基名前面即可：

benzoquinone 苯醌

napthoquinone 萘醌

六、羧酸——羧酸的命名，是在烃基名称后面加一个“酸”字，也叫做有机酸。羧酸都是含氧酸，如：

formic acid 甲酸

acetic acid 乙酸

oxalic acid 乙二酸

malonic acid 戊二酸

adipic acid 己二酸

succinic acid 丁二酸

benzoic acid 苯酸

phthalic acid 邻苯二甲酸

maleic acid 顺丁烯二酸

fumaric acid 反丁烯二酸

七、酯类——酸（羧酸或无机含氧酸）与醇起反应生成的一类有机化合物叫做酯，命名时在烃基的后面加上酸根的名称即可，如：

methyl butarate 丁酸甲酯

三、含氮有机化合物。

一、硝基化合物——硝基化合物可看作是烃分子中的一个或多个氢原子被硝基（—NO2）取代后生成的衍生物，命名时，硝基要放在烃名称前，如：

nitrobenzene 硝基苯

nitromethane 硝基甲烷

二、胺类——氨分子中的一个或多个氢原子被烃基取代后的产物，称为胺。氨基是胺类的官能团。命名时，在烃基名称后加-amine构成，如：

methanamine 甲胺

ethanamine 乙胺

benzenamine 苯胺

三、酰胺——羧酸中的羟基被氨基（或胺基）取代而生成的化合物，最简单的酰胺是尿素，它是碳酸的二酰胺，命名时，在烃基后面加上-amide构成，如：

urea 尿素

butenamide 丁酰胺

四、腈类——腈可以看作氢氰酸的氢原子被烃基取代而生成的化合物，腈的官能团是氰基，最简单的腈是乙腈。腈和氰化物不同，不是剧毒物质。命名是在烃基后面加上-onitrile构成，如：

ethanonitrile 乙腈

benzonitrile 苯腈

希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

原理：用于对活细胞线粒体进行染色，该染料的积累取决于膜电位。

定义：MitoTracker Red CMXRos 是一种红色荧光染料，用于对活细胞线粒体进行染色，并且该染料的积累取决于膜电位。乙醛固定后，该染料可稳定保存。

荧光染料常用于荧光染料产品的制备，以及增白洗衣粉中的增白剂，指示信号用的各种荧光路标漆，荧光标志服等。

荧光染料的其他用途包括: 渗漏污水系统包括水和工业的污染物、连接系统、测量发电厂排出的液体、洗手间的渗漏、非法的连接污水管监察，研究流量和绘图，分析腐败的系统，此外还用于纤维织物印染和某些特种标志（如暗处符号）及军事追踪等。

扩展资料：

荧光标记的单克隆抗体技术为流式细胞仪在研究细胞膜和细胞内各种功能性抗原、肿瘤基因蛋白等领域扩展了无限的应用空间。

荧光探针可以通过蛋白质交联剂共价结合在单克隆抗体上。免疫荧光标记最常用的染料有异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC)、藻红蛋白（PE）以及AlexaFluor系列染料等。

核酸荧光染料对细胞核染色后定量测量细胞所发出的荧光强度，就可以确定细胞核中DNA、RNA的含量，并可以对细胞周期和细胞的增殖状况进行分析。

有多种荧光染料可以对细胞中的DNA或RNA染色，常用的DNA染料包括碘化丙啶(PI)、DAPI、Hoechst 33342等，RNA染料有噻唑橙、吖啶橙等。

参考资料来源：百度百科-荧光染料

ABBOT: "abbey father." Variant Abbott exists.

ACKER: "from the oak tree." Variant Akker exists.

ACKERLEY: "from the oak-tree meadow." Variant Ackley exists.

ACKERMAN: "man of oak"

ADAM: "of the red earth"

ADDIS: "son of Adam." Variant Adamson exists.

ADY: "ardent"

ADKINS: "son of Aiken." Variants include Atkinson, Atkinsone, and Attkins.

ADNEY: "lives on the noble's island." Variants include Addaneye, Addney, and Adny.

AELDRA: "lives at the elder tree"

AELFDANE: "Danish elf"

AELFDENE: "from the elfin valley"

AETHELHARD: name of a king

AETHELISDUN: "from the noble's hill." Variants include Aetheston, and Athelston.

AFTON: Old English name derived from a Scottish place name. Originally a boy's name. Now unisex. Variant Affton exists.

AIKEN: "oaken." Variants include Adken, Adkyn, Aickin, and Aikin.

AINSWORTH: "from Ann's estate"

ALBERN: "noble warrior." Variants include Aethelbeorn, and Alburn.

ALBERT: "noble, bright." Variants include Aethelberht, Aethelbert, and Alburt.

ALCOTT: "from the old cottage"

ALDEN: "wise friend." Variants include Aldwin, Aldwine, and Aldwyn.

ALDER: "from the alder tree." Variant Aler exists.

ALDO: "ancient"

ALDOUS: "Old" or "From the old house." Variant Aldus exists.

ALDRICH: "wise ruler." Variants include Aldric, and Aldrik.

ALFORD: "from the old ford." Variants include Avery, and Alvord.

ALFRED: "sage." Variants include Alfraed, Alfredo, and Alfrid.

ALL: "handsome"

ALLARD: "brave." Variant Alhhard exists.

ALLRED: "wise, red-haired man." Variants include Aldred, and Aldrid.

ALMO: "noble, famous." Variants include Aethelmaer, Athemar, and Athmarr.

ALSTON: "from the elf's home." Variant Aethelstun exists.

ALTON: "from the old manor." Variants include Aldan, Alden, and Aldtun.

AMSDEN: "from Ambrose's valley"

ANGLESEY: "from Anglesey"

ANN: "merciful." Variant Ain exists.

ANNA: name of a king

ANSCOM: "lives in the valley of the majestic one." Variants include Aenescumb, and Anscomb.

ANSLEY: "from the awe-inspiring one's meadow." Variants include Aenedleah, Ainsley, and Ansleigh.

ANSON: "Ann's songrace."

ARCHER: "bowman." Variant Archere exists.

ARDELL: "from the hare's dell." Variant Ardel exists.

ARDLEY: "from the home-lover's meadow." Variants include Ardaleah, and Ardleigh.

ARDOLF: "home-loving wolf." Variants include Ardolph, and Ardwolf.

ARIC: "sacred ruler." Variants include Alhric, Alhrick, Alhrik, and Arik.

ARKWRIGHT: "makes chests"

ARLEDGE: "lives at the hare's lake"

ARLEY: "from the hare's meadow." Variants Arleigh, and Arlie.

ARLO: "fortified hill"

ARMSTRONG: "strong-armed." Variant Armstrang exists.

ARNETT: "little eagle." Variants include Arnatt, Arnet, and Arnott.

ARTHGALLO: myth name

ARUNDEL: "from the eagle's dell." Variant Arndell exists.

ASCOT: "lives at the east cottage." Variant Ascott exists.

ASHBURN: "lives near the ash-tree brook." Variant Aesoburne exists.

ASHBY: "from the ash-tree farm." Variant Aescby exists.

ASHFORD: "lives by the ash-tree ford." Variants include Aescford, and Aisford.

ASHLEY: Old English unisex name meaning "dwells at the ash-tree meadow." Taken from a placefirst used as a surname. Variants include Aescleah, Aisley, Aisly, Ashely, Ashla, Ashlee, Ashleigh, Ashli, Ashlie, and Ashly.

ASHLIN: "lives at the ash-tree pool." Variants include Aesclin, Ashlan, and Ashlen.

ASHLEY: Old English unisex name meaning "dwells at the ash-tree meadow." Taken from a placefirst used as a surname. Variants include Aescleah, Aisley, Aisly, Ashely, Ashla, Ashlan, Ashlee, Ashleigh, Ashlen, Ashli, Ashlie, and Ashly.

ASHTON: "from the ash-tree farm." Variants include Aesctun, and Aiston.

ASHWIN: "spear friend." Variants include Aescwine, Aescwyn, and Ashwyn.

ATHERTON: "lives at the spring farm." Variant Aethretun exists.

ATHMORE: "from the moor." Variants include Atmore, and Attmore.

ATWATER: "from the waterside." Variant Attewater exists.

ATWELL: "lives by the spring." Variants include Attewell, and Attwell.

ATWOOD: "lives in the forest." Variant Attewode exists.

ATWORTH: "lives at the farmstead." Variant Atteworthe exists.

AURICK: "noble valor"

AVERIL: "wild boar." Variants include Averell, and Averill.

AVERY: "elf ruler." Variants include Aelfric, and Aubrey.

AXTON: "swordsman's stone." Variant Aeccestane exists.

AYLMER: "infamous." Variants include Aegelmaere, Aethelmaere, and Aylmer.

AYLWARD: "noble protector." Variants include Aegelweard, Aethelweard, and Athelward.

BAILEY: Old English unisex name meaning "law enforcerbailiff. First a surname. Used more often for boys. Variants include Bailee, Bailie, Baily, Bayley, and Bayly.

BAINBRIDGE: "lives near the bridge over the white water." Variants include Bainbrydge, and Banbrigge.

BALDER: "bold army." Variant Baldhere exists.

BANAING: "son of the slayer." Variant Banning exists.

BANCROFT: "from the bean field." Variant Benecroft exists.

BARCLAY: "lives at the birch-tree meadow." Variants include Bercleah, Berkeley, and Berkley.

BARDEN: "lives near the boar's den." Variant Bardan exists.

BARDOLF: "ax-wolf." Bardawulf, Bardalph, Bardolph, Bardulf, and Barwolf.

BARDRICK: "ax-ruler." Variants include Bardaric, and Bardarik.

BARLOW: "lives on the bare hill." Variants include Baerhloew, and Barhloew.

BARNETT: "leader." Variant Beornet exists.

BARNUM: "from the nobleman's home." Variant Beornham exists.

BARON: "warrior." Variant Barron exists.

BARR: "gateway." Variant Barre exists.

BARTH: "son of the earth"

BARTLEY: "from Bart's meadow." Variants include Bartleah, and Bartleigh.

BARTON: "from the barley farm." Variants include Bart, and Beretun.

BARTRAM: "glorious raven." Variants include Barthram, and Beorhthramm.

BAXTER: "baker." Variants include Backstere, Baker, and Bax.

BAYHARD: "reddish-brown hair." Variant Bay exists.

BEACHER: "lives by the beech tree." Variants include Beceere, and Beecher.

BEADUTUN: "from the warrior's estate." Variant Beaton exists.

BEAMAN: "beekeeper." Variant Beomann exists.

BEAMER: "trumpeter." Variant Bemeere exists.

BECK: "brook." Variant Bek exists.

BEDE: "prayer"

BELDEN: "lives in the beautiful glen." Variants include Beldan, Beldane, Beldene, and Beldon.

BENTLEY: Old English name meaning "from the bent grass meadow." First a place name, a surname, then a first name. Unisex name, but more common for boys. Variants include Bentlea, Bentleah, Bentlee, Bentleigh, and Bently.

BENTON: "lives on the moor"

BERESFORD: "from the barley ford." Variant Berford exists.

BERT: "glorious." Variants include Beorht, and Burt.

BERTON: "from the fortified town." Variants include Beorhttun, Burhtun, and Burton.

BERTRAM: "bright raven." Variant Beorhthram exists.

BERWICK: "from the barley grange." Variant Berwyk exists.

BEVERLY: "from the beaver meadow." Variant Beverley exists.

BICKFORD: "from the hewer's ford." Variants include Bick, and Biecaford.

BINK: "lives at the bank"

BIRCH: "birch tree." Variants include Beore, and Birk.

BIRD: Old English unisex nature name, meaning "birdlike." Also a short form of Old German Bertha, meaning "brightsparkling." Variants include Birde, Birdey, Birdie, Birdy, Byrd, Byrde, Byrdey and Byrdie.

BIRKETT: "lives at the birch headland." Variants include Birkhead, and Birkhed.

BIRKEY: "from the birch-tree island"

BIRLEY: "from the cattle shed on the meadow." Variant Byreleah exists.

BIRNEY: "lives on the brook island." Variants include Burneig, and Burney.

BIRTLE: "from the bird hill." Variants include Birdhil, Birdhill, Birtel, and Byrtel.

BISHOP: "overseer"

BITANIG: "from the preserving land"

BLACK: "dark." Variant Claec exists.

BLADE: "wealthy glory." Variant Blaed exists.

BLAGDON: "from the dark valley." Variants include Blagdan, and Blagden.

BLAKE: Old English unisex name meaning either "black" or "white" or "pale-skinned," or "dark-skinned." Variants include Blaec, Blaecleah, Blakelee, Blakeley, Blakely, Blakenee, Blakeney, and Blakeny.

BLAKELEY: "from the dark meadow." Variants include Blaecleah, and Blakely.

BLAKEMORE: "from the dark moor"

BLAKEY: "blond." Variant Blacey exists.

BLANFORD: "gray-haired." Variant Blandford exists.

BLAYNE: "twin"

BLISS: Old English unisex name meaning "joyhappiness." Variants include Blisse, and Blyss.

BLYTHE: Old English unisex name meaning "happycarefree." Variants include Blithe, and Blyth.

BOLTON: "from the manor farm"

BOND: "tied to the land"

BOOTH: "lives in a hut." Variants include Boothe, and Bothe.

BORDEN: "from the boar valley." Variants include Barden, and Bardene.

BORS: myth name

BOSWORTH: "lives at the cattle enclosure"

BOTOLF: "herald wolf." Variants include Botewolf, and Botwolf.

BRAD: "largebroadextended." Short for names like Bradley, or Bradburn.

BRADBURN: "from the broad brook." Variant Bradbourne exists.

BRADLEY: Old English unisex name meaning "from the broad meadow," or "from an extended family." Variants include Bradlea, Bradleah, Bradlee, Bradleigh, and Bradly.

BRADEN: "from the broad valley." Variants include Brad, Bradan, Bradene, and Bradyn.

BRADFORD: "from the broad ford"

BRADLEY: From surname meaning "from the broad meadow" or "from an extended family." Variants include Bradleah, and Bradly.

BRADWELL: "from the broad spring"

BRADY: "from the broad island." Variant Bradig exists.

BRAINARD: "bold raven." Variants include Brainerd, and Branhard.

BRAMWELL: "from the bramble bush spring." Variant Braemwiella exists.

BRANDON: "from the beacon hill." Variant Branddun.

BRANTLEY: "proud." Variants include Brand, and Brant.

BRAWLEY: "from the hillslope meadow." Variants include Braleah, and Brawleigh.

BRENT: "from the steep hill." Variant Brentan exists.

BREWSTER: "brewer." Variant Brewstere exists.

BRICE: Unisexual name. Either an Old English name meaning "noble," a Celtic name meaning "swift," or a French name meaning either "speckled" or "from Brieuxtown." Also a Greek myth name of one of the Danaids. Variant Bryce exists.

BRIDGER: "lives at the bridge." Variants include Brydger, Briggere, and Bryggere.

BRIGHAM: "lives by the bridge." Variant Briggeham exists.

BRINTON: "from Brinton"

BRITTO: myth name

BROCK: "badger." Variants include Broc, and Brok.

BROCKLEY: "from the badger meadow." Variants include Brocleah, Brocleigh, and Brocly.

BRODERICK: "from the broad ridge." Variants include Broderik, Brodrig, and Brodrik.

BROMLEY: "from the broom-covered meadow." Variants include Bromleah, Bromleigh, and Bromly.

BROOKE: Old English unisex name meaning "small stream." Variants include Brook, Brookie, and Brooky.

BROOKS: "son of Brooke." Variants include Brookson, and Brooksone.

BROUGHER: "lives at the fortress." Variant Burghere exists.

BROUGHTON: "from the fortress town." Variant Burgton exists.

BROWN: "dark-skinned." Variant Brun exists.

BRUTUS: myth name

BUCK: "male deer." Variant Boc exists.

BUCKLEY: "lives at the buck meadow." Variants include Bocleah, and Bocley.

BUDD: "herald." Variants include Boda, and Buddy.

BUNDY: "free." Variant Bondig exists.

BURBANK: "lives on the castle's hill." Variant Burhbank exists.

BURCH: "birch." Variants include Birch, and Birche.

BURCHARD: "strong as a castle." Variant Burghard exists.

BURDON: "lives at the castle." Variant Burhdon exists.

BURFORD: "lives at the castle ford." Variant Burhford exists.

BURGESS: "lives in town." Variant Burgeis exists.

BURL: "cup-bearer." Variant Byrle exists.

BURLEY: "lives at the caste's meadow." Variants include Burhleag, Burleigh, and Burly.

BURN: "from the brook." Variants include Bourn, Bourne, Burne, and Byrne.

BURNETT: Means either "brave warrior" or "bold as a bear." Variants include Bernard, Bernie, Bunny, and Burnet.

BURNEY: "lives on the brook island." Variant Bureig exists.

BURNS: "son of Byrne." Variants include Bursone, and Byrnes.

BURTON: "lives in the fortified town." Variant Burhtun exists.

BYFORD: "lives at the river crossing." Variant Biford exists.

BYRAM: "from the cattle yard"

BYRON: "bear"

CADBY: "from the warrior's settlement." Variant Cadabyr exists.

CAINDALE: "from the clear river valley"

CALDER: "cold brook." Variants include Caldre, and Calldwr.

CALDWELL: "from the cold spring." Variant Caldwiella exists.

CALE: "bold." Variants include Cal, and Cayle.

CALVERT: "shepherd." Variants include Calbert, and Calfhierde.

CAMBER: myth name

CARELTON: "from Carl's farm." Variants include Carlatun, and Carlton.

CAREY: English/Irish form of Gaelic Ciardha, meaning "the dark one." Unisex name. Variants include Caerau, and Cary.

CARLISLE: "from the walled city." Variant Carlyle exists.

CAROL: English unisex name. It is a nickname for French Carolus, the Latin form of French Charles, which itself came from Old German Karl, meaning "man." Variants include Carolus, Carly, Carroll, Karel, and Karly.

CARSON: "son of Carr"

CARSWELL: "lives at the watercress spring." Variant Caersewiella exists.

CARTER: "drives a cart." Variant Cartere exists.

CARTLAND: "from the land between the streams."

CARVELL: "from the villa by the march." Variant Carvel exists.

CARVER: "carves wood or sculpts."

CASEY: English, and Irish unisex name meaning "vigilantwatchful." Variants include Cacey, Cacie, Caisee, Caisey, Caisi, Caisie, Casee, Casi, Casie, Cathasach, Cathasaigh, Caycee, Caycey, Cayci, Caycie, Caysee, Caysey, Caysi, Caysie, Kacey, Kacie, Kacy, Kacyee, Kasey, Kaycee, Kaycey, Kayci, Kaycie, Kaysee, Kaysey, Kaysi, Kaysie, Kaysy, and Kaysyee.

CASSIBELLAUNUS: myth name.

CASSIDY: Irish unisex name meaning "curly-haired." Variants include Caiside, and Casidhe.

CASTER: "from the Roman camp."

CEDRIC: "battle leader." Variant include Caddaric, and Caddarik.

CENEHARD: "bold." Variant Cynhard exists.

CENEWARD: "bold guardian." Variant Cynward exists.

CENEWIG: "bold warrior." Variant Cenewyg exists.

CHAD: "warring." Variant Cadda exists.

CHADBURN: "from the wildcat brook." Variants include Chadburne, and Chadbyrne.

CHADWICK: "from the warrior's town." Variants include Caddawyc, Chadwik, and Chadwyk.

CHAPMAN: "merchant." Variant Ceapmann exists.

CHARLETON: "from Charles's farm." Variant Charlton exists.

CHATHAM: "from the soldier's land." Variant Caddaham exists.

CHATWYN: "warring friend." Variant Chatwin exists.

CHAUNCEY: "chancellor." Variants include Chance, Chanceloor, Chancey, Chaunce, and Chaunceler.

CHESTER: "lives at the camp." Variant Ceaster exists.

CHESTON: "camp." Variant Ceastun exists.

CHETWYN: "from the cottage on the winding path." Variants include Cetewind, and Chetwin.

CHILTON: "from the farm by the spring." Variant Celdtun exists.

CHURCHILL: "lives at the church hill." Variants include Churchyll, and Circehyll.

CINGESWIELLA: "lives at the king's spring." Variants include Cingeswell, and Cinwell.

CLAY: "mortal." Variants include Claeg, Claegtun, and Clayton.

CLAYBORNE: "from the clay brook." Variants include Claegborne, Claiborn, Claybourne, and Clayburn.

CLEVELAND: "from the cliffs." Variants include Cleon, Clevon, Clifland, and Clyfland.

CLIFFORD: "lives by the ford near the cliff." Variant Cliff exists.

CLIFFTON: "from the farm near the cliff." Variants include Clifton, Cliftun, Clyffton, and Clyftun.

CLINTON: "from the headland estate." Variants include Clint, and Clinttun.

CLIVE: "lives at the cliffs." Variants include Cleve, and Clyve.

CODY: Old English unisex name meaning "cushionpillow." Variants include Codee, Codey, Codi, Codie, Kodey, Kodie, and Kody.

COLBERT: "seaman." Variants include Ceolbeorht, Colvert, Culbart, and Culbert.

COLBY: "from the black farm"

COLEMAN: "dark-skinned." Variant Colemann exists.

COLLIER: "charcoal merchant." Variants include Colier, Collyer, and Colyer.

COLLIS: "son of the dark man." Variants include Colis, and Colys.

COLTER: "horse herdsman." Variant Coltere exists.

COLTON: "from the dark town." Variants include Cole, Coletun, and Colt.

COOPER: "makes barrels." Variants include Coopersmith, and Cupere.

CORWIN: "friend of the heart." Variants include Corwan, Corwine, and Corwyn.

COURTLAND: "lives at the farmstead"

COVELL: "lives at the cave slope." Variants include Cofahealh, and Covyll.

CRANDALL: "from the crane valley." Variant Crandell exists.

CRANLEY: "from the crane meadow." Variants include Cranleah, and Cranly.

CRANSTON: "from the crane estate." Variant Cranstun exists.

CRAWFORD: "from the crow's ford"

CREIGHTON: "lives at the creek town." Variant Creketun exists.

CRICHTON: "from the town by the creek"

CROFTEN: "from the enclosed town." Variant Crofton exists.

CROMPTON: "from the winding farm"

CROMWELL: "lives by the winding stream." Variant Crombwiella exists.

CROSLEY: "from the cross meadow." Variants include Crosleah, Crosleigh, and Crosly.

CULVER: "dove." Variants include Colfre, Colver, and Colvyr.

CUTHBERT: "noted splendor." Variant Cuthbeorht exists.

CUTLER: "makes knives"

CWENTUN: "from the queen's estate"

CYMBELLINE: myth name

CYNELEAH: "lives in the royal meadow." Variant Cyneley exists.

CYNING: "royal." Variants include Cyneric, Cynerik, Cynric, and Cynrik.

DAGWOOD: "from the bright one's forest"

DALBERT: "proud." Variants include Dealbeorht, Dealbert, and Delbert.

DALE: Old English unisex name meaning "valleylives in the valley." Variants include Dael, Daile, Daley, and Dayle.

DALTON: "from the farm in the dale."

DANA: Old English unisex name meaning "from Denmark." Sometimes regarded as a variant of Danielle, meaning "God is my judge." Variants include Dain, Danay, Dane, Danet, Danna, and Dayna.

DARBY: Old English unisex name, meaning "park with deer," or "from the deer estate." Derived from the placename Derby. Variants include Darb, Darbee, Darbey, Darbie, Darrbey, Darrbie, and Darrby.

DARCIE: English and Irish unisex name meaning "dark." Also a Norman place name, used as a name, meaning "from Arcy." Variants include D'Arcy (Fr.), Darcee, Darcey, Darcy, Darice, Darsee, and Darsey.

DARNELL: "from Darnall." Variant Darnall exists.

DARRELL: "dearly loved." Variant Daryl exists.

DARTON: "from the deer park." Variant Deortun exists.

DAVIS: "David's son." Variants include Davidson, and Davidsone.

DEAN: "from the dene." Variants include Deanne, Dene, and Dino.

DEARBORN: "from the deer brook." Variants include Dearbourne, and Derebourne.

DEEMS: "judge's son." Variants include Demason, and Demasone.

DELANEY: English and Irish unisex name meaning "offspring of the challenger." Variants include Delaine, Delainey, Delainy, Delane, Delanie, and Delany.