请问，5%乙二醇和5%葡萄糖哪个蒸气压大

下午好，如果都是1mol/L为标准浓度基准的话，乙二醇水溶液的性能比丙三醇和葡萄糖效力都要好。乙二醇也是目前常用的动力机械防冻液主要的高沸点极性溶剂之一，丙三醇由于在低温条件下黏度会明显升高并不适合防冻，葡萄糖水溶液几乎没有防冻效果。

葡萄糖>丙三醇>乙二醇>丙醇>乙醇>甲醇，前面三个是分子质量对细胞膜通透性的影响，后面三个是脂溶性对细胞通透性的影响。

这是检测血比重，容器里面是硫酸铜溶液，血滴沉下去就表示血色素合格，不沉下去表示血色素偏低，不能献血。多吃点含铁丰富的食物，比如猪肝、瘦肉、牛羊肉等，加强营养，不要节食和偏食，可以提高血色素。

扩展资料：

实验观察，正常血浆渗透压约为280-320mmol/L。凡是和此渗透压近似相等的溶液为等溶液。 人体中的血浆、胃液、胰液、肠液、胆汁、脊髓液，以及泪液的渗透压都大致相等。为使药液与人体内各种液体的渗透压保持平衡，常配制等渗溶液，常用的方法有渗透压法、氯化钠等渗等量法和冰点下降数据法、容积价法及毫渗分子法五种方法。

参考资料来源：百度百科-等渗溶液

木糖醇原产于芬兰，是从白桦树、橡树、玉米芯、甘蔗渣等植物原料中提取出来的一种天然甜味剂#在自然界中，木糖醇的分布范围很广，广泛存在于各种水果、蔬菜、谷类之中，但含量很低。商品木糖醇是将玉米芯、甘蔗渣等农业作物进行深加工而制得的，是一种天然、健康的甜味剂，对于人们的身体来说，木糖醇也不是一种“舶来品”，它本就是人们身体正常糖类代谢的中间体。木糖醇甜度与蔗糖相当，溶于水时可吸收大量热量，是所有糖醇甜味剂中吸热值最大的一种，故以固体形式食用时，会在口中产生愉快的清凉感。木糖醇不致龋且有防龋齿的作用。

a用溴水就可以，葡萄糖可以退色，果糖不可以。b先用银氨溶液鉴别出乙醛、再用2,4-二硝基苯肼鉴别出丙酮

c先加碳酸氢钠有气体的是乙酸，再加入溴水生成白色沉淀的是苯酚（用三氯化铁也可以，有颜色变化）

d这是三级醇的鉴别，可以用Lucas试剂（浓盐酸、氯化锌、室温），先出现分层或者浑浊的是叔醇，最慢的是伯醇

仅代表个人观点，不喜勿喷，谢谢。

乙醇无明显现象

乙二醇溶液变降蓝色

乙酸变蓝色澄清溶液

乙醛有红色沉淀生成

葡萄糖同上

好像没有一种试剂能完全区分

而且都是小分子的。。可以穿过半透膜、、、、

一开始。。外界的浓度大于细胞内部的浓度。。所以失水，发生质壁分离、。。。

但是同时细胞由于主动或者被动吸收进了这些小离子。。。使得细胞内部的浓度大于外界的。。

才会发生自动复原的。。。

如果还是不懂。。你可以追问。。。

A．葡萄糖中含有5个羟基，1mol葡萄糖中含有5mol羟基，由于酯化反应为可逆反应，则1mol葡萄糖不会与5mol乙醇完全发生酯化反应，故A错误；

B．氨基酸形成多肽、蛋白质水解都属于取代反应，而油脂的氢化为加成反应，故B错误；

C．葡萄糖和麦芽糖都是还原性糖，无法用银氨溶液鉴别葡萄糖和麦芽糖，故C错误；

D．乙二醇能够乙二酸发生缩聚反应、CH 3 -CHOH-COOH分子之间能够发生缩聚反应、甲醛能够与苯酚发生缩聚反应，故D正确；故选D．

编号 毒性类型 测试方法 测试对象 使用剂量 毒性作用 1 acute Oral Human 3380 mg/kg 1.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - gastritis2.肝毒性Liver - other changes3.肾、输尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -other changes 2 acute Inhalation Human 25 ppm 1.行为毒性Behavioral - tremor2.行为毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold3.行为毒性Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) 3 acute Oral Rodent - rat 2370 mg/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration -other changes 4 acute Inhalation Rodent - rat 1500 ppm/7H 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 5 acute Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 2500 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 6 acute Intravenous Rodent - rat 2068 mg/kg 1.血液毒性Blood - other hemolysis with or without anemia 7 acute Oral Rodent - mouse 2560 mg/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)2.行为毒性Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)3.心脏毒性Cardiac - other changes 8 acute Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1480 ppm/7H 1.行为毒性Behavioral - analgesia2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration -dyspnea3.肾、输尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -hematuria 9 acute Intraperitoneal Rodent - mouse 2147 mg/kg 1.肾、输尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -changes in both tubules and glomeruli2.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen3.血液毒性Blood - other changes 10 acute Oral Rodent - rabbit 890 mg/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - general anesthetic2.血液毒性Blood - other hemolysis with or without anemia 11 acute Administration onto the skin Rodent - rabbit 1280 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 12 acute Oral Rodent - guinea pig 950 mg/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - general anesthetic2.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - other changes3.肾、输尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -other changes 13 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 400 ppm/6H/2W-I 1.大脑毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes2.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects 14 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - rat 10206 mg/kg/21D-C 1.内分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight2.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 15 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - rat 500 mg/kg/10D-I 1.内分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight2.免疫系统毒性Immunological Including Allergic - decreased immune response 16 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 300 ppm/6H/13W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count2.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 17 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 970 mg/m3/7H/5W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)2.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen 18 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 1000 ppm/6H/11D-I 1.肾、输尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -other changes in urine composition2.血液毒性Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)3.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 19 MutipleDose Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 20 mg/kg/4W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)2.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 20 MutipleDose Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 450 mg/kg/16D-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes 21 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - rat 29484 mg/kg/13W-C 1.内分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight2.血液毒性Blood - changes in platelet count3.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 22 MutipleDose Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 3200 mg/kg/4D-I 1.内分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight2.免疫系统毒性Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in humoral immune response 23 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - mouse 12110 mg/kg/2W-C 1.内分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight2.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 24 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - mouse 82 mg/kg/13W-C 1.内分泌毒性Endocrine - effect on menstrual cycle2.内分泌毒性Endocrine - other changes3.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen 25 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1000 ppm/6H/11D-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count2.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 26 MutipleDose Inhalation Mammal - dog 750 ppm/7H/12W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - microcytosis with or without anemia2.血液毒性Blood - other changes 27 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 300 ppm/6H/13W-I 1.内分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight2.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 28 MutipleDose Administration onto the skin Rodent - guinea pig 65 mg/kg/13W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count2.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 29 SkinEyeIrrition Administration onto the skin Rodent - rabbit 483 mg/24H 1.Mild 30 SkinEyeIrrition Administration into the eye Rodent - rabbit 97 mg 31 SkinEyeIrrition Administration into the eye Rodent - rabbit 500 mg/24H 1.Mild 32 SkinEyeIrrition Administration into the eye Rodent - guinea pig 10 ug 1.Mild 33 Mutation Human Lymphocyte 150 mmol/L 34 Mutation Oral Rodent - rat 500 mg/kg 35 Mutation Oral Rodent - rat 500 mg/kg 36 Mutation Oral Rodent - mouse 500 mg/kg 37 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 175 mg/kg,female 7-13 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -cardiovascular (circulatory) system 38 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 175 mg/kg,female 7-13 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -biochemical and metabolic 39 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 15015 mg/kg,male 13 week(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, andcount) 40 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 100 mg/kg,male 1 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 41 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 350 mg/kg,female 9-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -litter size (e.g. # fetuses per littermeasured before birth)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -cardiovascular (circulatory) system 42 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 68 mg/kg/4H,female 1-19 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per femaletotal number of implants per corpora lutea)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 43 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 30 ppm/6H,male 65 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 44 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 100 ppm/6H,female 6-17 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females# females pregnant per # femalesmated)3.生殖毒性Reproductive- Effects on Newborn -live birth index (measured after birth) 45 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 100 ppm/6H,female 6-17 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # bornalive)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) 46 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 30 ppm/6H,male 13 week(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 47 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 11592 mg/kg,female 6-17 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females# females pregnant per # femalesmated)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetaldeath 48 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 4375 mg/kg,male 7 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, andcount)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 49 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 2 mg/kg,female 10 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 50 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 1 mg/kg,female 12 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -craniofacial (including nose andtongue)3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -gastrointestinal system 51 Reproductive Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 330 mg/kg,female 12 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -cardiovascular (circulatory) system 52 Reproductive Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 190 mg/kg,female 14 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -Central Nervous System2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -urogenital system 53 Reproductive Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 190 mg/kg,female 12 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 54 Reproductive Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 190 mg/kg,female 8 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 55 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - rat 600 mg/kg,female 6-20 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive- Effects on Newborn -live birth index (measured after birth)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # bornalive) 56 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - rat 440 mg/kg,female 7-17 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive- Effects on Newborn -live birth index (measured after birth) 57 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 250 mg/kg,female 13 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 58 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 175 mg/kg,female 11 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 59 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 2 mg/kg,female 7-14 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -litter size (e.g. # fetuses per littermeasured before birth)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetaldeath3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -Central Nervous System 60 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 500 mg/kg,female 9 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per littermeasured before birth)3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus) 61 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 250 mg/kg,female 11 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 62 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 6250 mg/kg,male 25 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 63 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1000 ppm/6H,male 11 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 64 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 500 ppm/7H,male 5 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, andcount) 65 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 50 ppm/6H,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -litter size (e.g. # fetuses per littermeasured before birth)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -urogenital system 66 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 50 ppm/6H,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -urogenital system 67 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - mouse 1200 mg/kg,female 7-13 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus) 68 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - mouse 3200 mg/kg,female 7-14 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 69 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - mouse 250 mg/kg,female 8 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -Central Nervous System2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -craniofacial (including nose andtongue) 70 Reproductive Intravenous Rodent - mouse 250 mg/kg,female 8 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -Central Nervous System 71 Reproductive Oral Primate - monkey 930 mg/kg,female 20-45 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -abortion2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetaldeath 72 Reproductive Oral Primate - monkey 633 mg/kg,female 20-45 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus) 73 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 300 ppm/6H,male 65 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 74 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 50 ppm/6H,female 6-18 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -body wall2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -cardiovascular (circulatory) system3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -urogenital system 75 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 50 ppm/6H,female 6-18 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -body wall3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 76 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 10 ppm/6H,female 6-18 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 77 Reproductive Oral Rodent - guinea pig 6250 mg/kg,male 25 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 78 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - guinea pig 65 mg/kg,male 65 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 79 Reproductive Oral Rodent - hamster 1562 mg/kg,male 25 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct