正己烷的英文缩写怎么写?
国标编号 31005
CAS号 110-54-3
中文名称 正己烷
英文名称 n-hexane;Hexyl hydride
别名 己烷
分子式 C6H14;CH3(CH2)4CH3 外观与性状 无色液体,有微弱的特殊气味
分子量 86.17 蒸汽压 13.33kPa/15.8℃ 闪点:-25.5℃
熔点 -95.6℃ 沸点:68.7℃ 溶解性 不溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚等多数有机溶剂
密度 相对密度(水=1)0.66;相对密度(空气=1)2.97 稳定性 稳定
危险标记 7(低闪点易燃液体) 主要用途 用于有机合成,用作溶剂、化学试剂、涂料稀释剂、聚合反应的介质等
编号 毒性类型 测试方法 测试对象 使用剂量 毒性作用 1 急性 Inhalation Human 190 ppm/8W 1.周围神经毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath 2 急性 口服 Rodent - rat 25 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 3 急性 Inhalation Rodent - rat 48000 ppm/4H 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 4 急性 Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 9100 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 5 急性 Inhalation Rodent - mouse 120 gm/m3 1.行为毒性Behavi口服- general anesthetic2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression3.心脏毒性Cardiac - other changes 6 急性 Intravenous Rodent - mouse 831 mg/kg 1.行为毒性Behavi口服- altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) 7 急性 Intravenous Rodent - rabbit 132 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 8 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 2000 ppm/12H/24W-I 1.脊髓神经毒性Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes2.周围神经毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve3.生化毒性Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins 9 MutipleDose 口服 Rodent - rat 40 mg/kg/4W-I 1.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 10 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 1000 ppm/24H/11W-C 1.大脑毒性Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS2.行为毒性Behavi口服- muscle weakness3.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 11 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 1 pph/6H/13W-I 1.大脑毒性Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight2.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 12 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 476 ppm/6H/4W-I 1.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases 13 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 3000 ppm/6H/2Y-I 1.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 14 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 500 ppm/24H/9W-C 1.周围神经毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change2.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 15 MutipleDose Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 18900 mg/kg/35D-I 1.周围神经毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from afferent nerve2.周围神经毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve3.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 16 MutipleDose Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 4788 mg/kg/7D-I 1.肝毒性Liver - other changes2.血液毒性Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects 17 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 1200 ppm/12H/16W-I 1.周围神经毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve2.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain3.生化毒性Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins 18 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - mouse 10000 ppm/6H/13W-I 1.嗅觉毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified2.行为毒性Behavi口服- changes in motor activity (specific assay)3.血液毒性Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) 19 MutipleDose Intraperitoneal Bird - chicken 18 mg/kg/90D-I 1.周围神经毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath2.行为毒性Behavi口服- ataxia3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - death 20 SkinEyeIrrition Administration into the eye Rodent - rabbit 10 mg 1.Mild 21 Mutation Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae 132 mmol/L 22 Mutation Rodent - hamster Fibroblast 500 mg/L 23 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - rat 1000 ppm/4H/59W-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - testicular tumors 24 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - mouse 9018 ppm/6H/2Y-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria2.肝毒性Liver - tumors 25 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 10000 ppm/7H,female 15 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral 26 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 1000 ppm/6H,female 8-16 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) 27 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 5000 ppm/20H,female 6-19 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 28 Reproductive 口服 Rodent - mouse 238 mg/kg,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
己烷 正己烷 英文名 n-Hexane 识别 CAS号 110-54-3 PubChem 8058 ChemSpider 7767 SMILES 显示▼ InChI 显示▼ RTECS MN9275000 性质 化学式 C6H14 摩尔质量 86.18 g·mol 外观 无色液体 密度 0.6548 g/ml (液体) 熔点 −95 °C (178 K) 沸点 69 °C (342 K) 溶解度(水) 不可溶 黏度 0.294 cP,25 °C 危险性 主要危害 易燃(F)有毒性(Xn)对环境有害(N) NFPA 704 310 闪点 -22.3 ℃ 自燃温度 233.9 ℃ 相关物质 相关烷烃 戊烷庚烷 相关化学品 环己烷 若非注明,所有数据均出自一般条件(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 己烷,化学式C6H14,是烷烃中的第六个成员。
己烷是常用的非极性具汽油味的有机溶剂,被广泛应用于色谱法中。
正己烷作为良好的有机溶剂,被广泛使用在化工有机合成,机械设备表面清洗去污等环节。但其具有一定的毒性,会通过呼吸道、皮肤等途径进入人体,长期接触可导致人体出现头痛、头晕、乏力、四肢麻木等慢性中毒症状,严重的可导致晕倒、神志丧失、甚至死亡。
脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物 65218-33-7 FMEE
脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐 71338-19-24 FMES
乙醇 64-17-5 ethanol
苯 71-43-2 benzene
乙二醇 107-21-1 ethylene glycol
乙腈/甲基腈 075-5-8 acetonitrile
甲醇/木醇 67-56-1 methanol
丙二醇 57-55-6 propylene glycol
二氯甲烷 075-9-2 dichloromethane
氯仿/三氯甲烷 67-66-3 trichloromethane
四氯化碳 56-23-5 terachloromethane
丙酮 67-64-1 acetone
正丁醇 71-36-3 1-butanol
乙酸乙酯 141-78-6 ethyl acetate
二甲基甲酰胺DMF 068-12-2 Dimethylformamide
苯酚 108-95-2 phenol
环己烷 110-82-7 cyclohexane
甲苯 108-88-3 methylbezene
四氢呋喃THF 109-99-9 oxolane
正己烷 110-54-3 hexyl hydride
乙酸正丁酯 123-86-4 butyl acetate
甲醛 50-00-0 formaldehyde
乙醚 60-29-7 ethylether
吡啶/氮苯 110-86-1 pyridine
氨 7644-41-7 ammonia
吗啉 110-91-8 morpholine
丙三醇/甘油 56-81-5 glycerol
糠醇 98-00-0 furfuryl alcohol
氯苯 108-90-7 chloro bezene
吲哚 120-72-9 1H-indole
硝基苯 98-95-3 nitrobezene
喹啉 91-22-5 quinoline
乙醇胺 141-43-5 monoethanolamine
异丁腈 78-82-0 isobutyronitrile
右旋葡萄糖 50-99-7 D-glucose
左旋葡萄糖 921-60-8 L-glucose
正己烷为无色具汽油味,有挥发性的液体,分子式C6H14,分子量为86.2公克/莫耳,熔点(MP)为95℃,沸点为68.95℃,化学文摘社号码(Chemical Abstract Service number,简称CAS No.)为110-54-3、蒸气密度(vapor density)为2.97(空气=1),其他物理化学特性见表一.
正己烷为无色具汽油味有挥发性的液体,工业用途甚广,1960年代日本首先报告拖鞋制造业、制药工厂、薄板制造(laminating)发生病变,1970年代美国及1980年代台湾彩色打样(press proofing)及制球业(ball manufacturing)皆有正己烷神经病变之报告,值得我们注意.
用途
正己烷为有机溶剂,有良好的黏性,常用於橡胶食品、制药、香水、制鞋、胶带、制球、研磨(grinding)、皮革、纺织、家俱、油漆工业、或为稀释、或为清洁溶剂、或为黏胶.另外可为萃取种籽油(seed-oil)时之溶剂(如大豆油、棉籽油、亚麻子油(flax)、红花籽油(safflower)等;亦可为制造聚合物之原料;如聚丙烯(polypropylene)、聚乙烯(polyethylene).
容许暴露浓度(Exposure Limit)
正己烷之神经毒性至1980年代方渐渐知晓,短时高浓度如在5,000ppm环境中十分钟即会产生上呼吸道刺激、头晕、神智昏乱,1,500ppm时会有麻痹(narcosis)、头痛、欲呕的现象;长期(六个月)暴露在100-190ppm环境中,可能造成多发性末梢神经病变,所以美国已将正己烷之作业空气中容许浓度值由500ppm降为50ppm(180mg/m3),我国1985年订定之时量平均容许浓度(TWA)也为50ppm.
在我国的应用一般是在油厂,主要在操作时注意他的防漏.
在直径240mm的立式激波管中环氧丙烷(PO)、正己烷、癸烷分别与空气混合进行了直接起爆,测定了不同燃料、不同当量比的云雾直接引爆的临界起爆能.实验发现,当PO-空气混合物、正己烷-空气混合物及癸烷-空气混合物的当量比分别为1.05、1.12及1.15时,其临界起爆能均最小;三种混合物的可爆下限当量比分别为0.47(质量浓度4.23%)、0.75(质量浓度5.29%)及0.89(质量浓度5.8%).实验表明,在本实验条件下,三种燃料与空气混合物的云雾都容易在较大当量比范围内引发爆炸.
正己烷己烷二丙基n-HexaneHexaneHexyl hydridedipropyl
分子式:CH3(CH2)4CH3
分子量:86.18
CAS号:110-54-3
性质:无色易挥发液体。凝固点-93.5℃,沸点68.95℃,熔点-95℃,相对密度0.6603(20/4℃),折射率1.37506,闪点(开杯)-20℃,自燃点260℃,临界温度234.2℃,临界压力3.00MPa。难溶于水,可溶于乙醇,易溶于乙醚、氯仿、酮类等有机溶剂。
制备方法:正已烷在直馏汽油、铂重整抽余油或湿性天然气中的含量为1%-15%左右。目前工业生产主要从铂重整装置的抽余油(含己烷11%-13%)中分离。将抽余油精馏分离,除去轻组分和重组,得含正已烷60%-80%的馏分。采用双塔连续精馏,再经0501型催化剂加氢,除去苯等不饱和烃,得合格正已烷。美国还采用吸附分离法制备正己烷。
用途:主要用作溶剂,如植物油抽提溶剂、丙烯聚合溶剂、橡胶和涂料溶剂、颜料稀释剂。用于大豆、米糠、棉籽等各种食用油脂和香辛料中油脂等的抽提。此外,它还是高辛烷值燃料。