无水氯化钙是什么,有什么物理性质和化学性质
分子式:CaCl2
CAS号:
性质:无色立方结晶。一般商品为白色多孔块状或粒状、蜂窝状。无臭,味微苦。密度2.15g/cm3。熔点782℃。沸点>1600℃。易溶于水,溶于醇、丙酮、醋酸。在常温下由水溶液析出六水氯化钙结晶,加热至200℃时变成二水物,继续加热至260℃变成白色多孔状的无水氯化钙。吸湿性极强,暴露于空气中极易潮解。由二水合氯化钙加热至260℃进行干燥脱水制得。可用已除去砷和重金属的精制中性氯化钙溶液,通过喷嘴喷成雾状,与300℃热气流进行逆流接触达到干燥脱水制得。用作气体的干燥剂,生产醇、酯、醚和丙烯酸树脂时的脱水剂。在食品工业中用作钙质强化剂、固化剂、螯合剂、干燥剂。
名称:氯化钙(此处指无水氯化钙;其水合物见二水氯化钙,六水氯化钙,四水氯化钙)
俗称:干燥氯化钙
英文名称:Calcium chloride(anhydrous calcium chloride)
分子式:CaCl2
分子量:110.98
CAS No.:10043-52-4
上游原料:长石粉、氢氧化钙、石灰石、盐酸、氧化钙、二水氯化钙 [编辑本段]基本性质性状:白色多孔块状、粒状或蜂窝状固体。味微苦,无臭。水溶液为无色。
熔点:772℃(另有资料称782℃)
沸点:大于1600℃
相对密度:2.15
稳定性:稳定
溶解情况:溶于水(放出大量热)、乙醇、丙酮、醋酸、甲酸、阱、吡啶和乙酰胺,不溶于醚。
氯化钙在水中的溶解度很大,0℃时100克水能溶解59.5克氯化钙,20℃时能溶74g,100℃时溶解159克。
其它:空气中极易潮解。与氨或乙醇作用,分别生成CaCl2·8NH3和 CaCl2·4C2H5OH络合物。 [编辑本段]制取方法用途1.由二水合氯化钙加热至260℃进行干燥脱水制得。2.可用已除去砷和重金属的精制中性氯化钙溶液,通过喷嘴喷成雾状,与300℃热气流进行逆流接触达到干燥脱水制得。3.可由石灰乳和盐酸反应先制成氯化钙溶液,再经浓缩、干燥制得列水氯化钙。
主要用作无机化工生产其它各种钙盐的原料;也用作气体的干燥剂,生产醇、酯、醚和丙烯酸树脂时的脱水剂。在食品工业中用作钙质强化剂、固化剂、螯合剂、干燥剂等。 [编辑本段]用途无水氯化钙是工业和实验室常用干燥剂,如用于氮气、氧气、氢气、氯化氢、二氧化硫等气体的干燥,但不能用来干燥乙醇和氨(会与氯化钙反应生成CaCl2·4C2H5OH和CaCl2·8NH3)。生产醇、酯、醚和丙烯酸树脂时用作脱水剂。
无机工业用作制造金属钙、氯化钡、各种钙盐(如磷酸钙等)的原料。
建筑工业用作防冻剂,以加速混凝土硬化和增加建筑砂浆的耐寒能力。
微生物工业用作单倍体育种的培养基。
分析化学中用于测定钢铁含碳量、全血葡萄溶、血清无机磷和血清碱性磷酸酶的活力等。
用作铝镁冶金的保护剂、精炼剂。
此外,还用作织物的防火剂、海港的消雾剂、路面的集尘剂和食品的防腐剂等。
注意:以上用途中可能有二水合物的用途,具体请资询专业人士。
是生产色淀颜料的沉淀剂。用于废纸加工脱墨。
氯化钙溶液是致冷工业中重要的冷冻剂。也用作海藻酸钠行业、豆制品行业的絮凝剂。
氯化钠水中溶解度35.9g(室温),氯化钙在水中溶解度是74.5g(20℃)。
一. 基本概念
氯化钠(NaCl),外观是白色晶体状,其来源主要是在海水中,是食盐的主要成分。易溶于水、甘油,微溶于乙醇、液氨;不溶于浓盐酸。在空气中微有潮解性。稳定性比较好,工业上用于制造纯碱和烧碱及其他化工产品,矿石冶炼,生活上可用于调味品。
二. 基本信息
1.中文名称:氯化钠
2.中文别名:石盐食盐盐水,含盐的,盐湖原盐岩盐氯化钠氯化钠标准溶液
3.CAS:7647-14-5
4.EINECS:231-598-3
5.分子式:NaCl
6.分子量:58.442
三. 作用用途
无机物和有机物工业用作制造氯气、氢气、盐酸、纯碱、烧碱、氯酸盐、氯化钠次氯酸盐、漂白粉、金属钠的原料、冷冻系统的致冷剂,有机合成的原料和盐析药剂。钢铁工业用作热处理剂。高度精制的氯化钠用作生理盐水。食品工业、日常生活中,用于调味等。高温热源中与氯化钾、氯化钡等配成盐浴,可作为加热介质,使温度维持在820~960℃之间。此外、还用于医学,玻璃、染料、冶金等工业。
橡胶工业:碳酸钙是橡胶工业中使用的最大尺寸的填料之一。在大量的橡胶填充碳酸钙,可以提高其产品的体积,节约昂贵的天然橡胶,从而大大降低了成本。碳酸钙填充入橡胶,可以得到比纯橡胶硫化物更高的拉伸强度,撕裂强度和耐磨损性。
塑料行业:碳酸钙塑料制品可以发挥作用的骨架,塑料制品的尺寸稳定性,同时也提高产品的硬度,并提高表面光泽度和表面光洁度。由于碳酸钙的白度在90%以上,而且,以取代昂贵的白色颜料。
涂料行业:碳酸钙在涂料工业中,在厚厚的油漆量的30%以上。
水性涂料行业:碳酸钙在水性涂料行业的更广泛使用,使油漆沉降,易分散,光泽度好特性,在量的20-60%的水性涂料。
另外,碳酸钙在造纸工业中的重要作用,以保证的强度和纸张的白度,并降低成本。电缆行业的产品,可以起到一定的作用的绝缘。
碳酸钙的市场前景
根据数据分析,在2010年,中国的碳酸钙市场的需求:
塑料工业:重质碳酸钙的需求预计将达到22万吨。
造纸工业:超细重质碳酸钙将需要60万吨。
橡胶工业:总需求量将达到20万吨。
油漆涂料:约6万吨超细重质碳酸钙的需要。
粘合剂和密封剂:将消耗55万吨碳酸钙,超细重质碳酸钙的量将达到1100万吨。
海藻酸钠可找不到有什么用
产品名称:氯化钙
产品名称:氯化钙
别名:
MF :氯化钙
用途:用于多用途的干燥剂,如干燥的气体,如氮,氧,氢,氯化氢,二氧化硫。生产醇,酯,醚,和丙烯酸类树脂的是,作为脱水剂使用。氯化钙冷冻和冰制冷剂的水溶液中,可以加速混凝土硬化和增强的能力来冷建筑砂浆,优良的建筑防冻剂。防雾剂和路面作为端口的集尘剂,织物防火剂。用作铝镁冶金精炼剂保护剂,。生产色淀颜料的沉淀剂。处理废纸脱墨。是对原料生产的钙盐。 :10043-52-4
CAS号保护的毒性:与皮肤接触可引起腐蚀起泡。生产和处理穿工作服,手套,穿长筒橡胶靴。需要注意的是保护皮肤。
包装贮存:聚乙烯塑料或纤维板桶或铁桶内衬塑料袋。每袋(桶)净重50kg。包装袋(桶)应该是显而易见的,“防潮”的标志。本品应贮存在通风,干燥的库房内。包装容器必须密封,防止受潮。堆积和潮解性项目分开,并注意防雨淋和烈日曝晒在运输过程中。轻轻处理,防止包装破损。火,水,沙子和各种灭火器扑救。
物理和化学性质:无色立方晶体。一般商品为白色或白色多孔状或粒状,蜂窝状。无臭,味微苦。相对密度2.15(25℃)。熔点782℃。沸点1600℃以上。吸湿性强,暴露于空气中极易潮解。易溶于水,在相同的时间的特定的热,其水溶液呈微酸性。易溶于醇,丙酮,醋酸。产生的CaCl2·8NH3和CaCl2·4C2H5OH复杂,与氨或乙醇作用,分别。结晶,在室温下从水溶液和沉淀往往六水和逐渐加热至30℃溶解在其自身的结晶水中,并继续加热逐渐蒸发水,至200℃到二水合物,然后加热至260℃。变为白色多孔状的无水氯化钙。
中文名称:无水氯化钙
英文名称:Calcium chloride anhydrous
化学式:CaCl2
分子量:110.98
CAS:10043-52-4
HS:2827200000
性 状:无水氯化钙为白色立方结晶或粉末,有强吸湿性,相对密度2.15,熔点775℃,沸点1935.5℃。易溶于水和乙醇。
用 途:用于各种物质的干燥剂,此外还有马路防尘,土质改良剂,冷冻剂。用于化学试剂、医药原料、食品添加剂、饲料添加剂及制造金属钙的原料。也用于脱水剂、上桨剂、净水剂。
规格:
分析纯(HG/T 3208-60)
外观 ----------------------------------------合格
含量(CaCl2) /% -------------------------≥96.0
不溶物及氢氧化铵沉淀物/% ----------≤0.015
游离碱[以Ca(OH)2计] /% -------------≤0.020
磷酸盐(PO4) /% ------------------------≤0.003
硫酸盐(SO4) /% ------------------------≤0.020
硝酸盐(NO3) /% ---------------------------合格
钡(Ba) /% -----------------------------------合格
重金属(以Pb计) /% ---------------------≤0.001
铁(Fe) /% --------------------------------≤0.001
锌(Zn) /% --------------------------------≤0.01
镁及碱金属(以硫酸盐计) /% ----------≤0.30
砷(As) /% --------------------------------≤0.000 3
化学纯(HG/T 3208-60)
外观 ----------------------------------------合格
含量(CaCl2) /% -------------------------≥96.0
不溶物及氢氧化铵沉淀物/% ----------≤0.03
游离碱[以Ca(OH)2计] /% -------------≤0.04
磷酸盐(PO4) /% ------------------------≤0.003
硫酸盐(SO4) /% ------------------------≤0.02
硝酸盐(NO3) /% -------------------------合格
钡(Ba) /% ---------------------------------合格
重金属(以Pb计) /% --------------------≤0.002
铁(Fe) /% -------------------------------≤0.002
锌(Zn) /% -------------------------------≤0.01
镁及碱金属(以硫酸盐计) /%--------- ≤0.60
砷(As) /% ------------------------------≤0.000 3
分析纯、化学纯主要用于化学试剂、医药原料、食品添加剂、饲料添加剂等
工业级一级(HG/T 2327-2004)
外观-------------------白色或稍带黄色粉色的固体
含量(CaCl2) /% ------------------------------≥94.0
总碱金属氯化物(以NaCl计)/%--------------≤7.0
总镁(以MgCl2计)/%--------------------------≤0.5
碱度[以Ca(OH)2计]-/%----------------------≤0.4
水不溶物/%------------------------------------≤0.3
粒度协商
工业级二级(HG/T 2327-2004)
外观-白色或稍带黄色粉色的固体
含量(CaCl2) /% ≥90.0
总碱金属氯化物(以NaCl计)/%-≤7.0
总镁(以MgCl2计)/%-≤0.5
碱度[以Ca(OH)2计]-/%-≤0.4
水不溶物/%≤0.3
粒度协商
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1. Product Identification
Synonyms: calcium dichloridecalcium chloride anhydrouscalcium chloride
CAS No.: 10043-52-4
Molecular Weight: 110.98
Chemical Formula: CaCl2
Product Codes:
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2. Composition/Information on Ingredients
IngredientCAS No PercentHazardous
--------------------------------------------------- ------------ ---------
Calcium Chloride 10043-52-493 - 100%Yes
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3. Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview
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WARNING! CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED.
Health Rating: 1 - Slight
Flammability Rating: 0 - None
Reactivity Rating: 2 - Moderate
Contact Rating: 3 - Severe
Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLESLAB COAT
Storage Color Code: Green (General Storage)
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Potential Health Effects
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Inhalation: Calcium Chloride granular does not pose a significant inhalation hazard, but inhalation of dust may cause irritation to the respiratory tract, with symptoms of coughing and shortness of breath.
Ingestion: Calcium Chloride is low toxicity material but ingestion may cause serious irritation of the mucous membrane due to heat of hydrolysis. Large amounts can cause gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, abdominal pain.
Skin Contact: Calcium Chloride solid may cause mild irritation on dry skinstrong solutions or solid in contact with moist skin may cause severe irritation, even burns.
Eye Contact: Hazard may be either mechanical abrasion or, more serious, burns from heat of hydrolysis and chloride irritation.
Chronic Exposure: No information found.
Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: No information found.
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4. First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.
Ingestion: Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention.
Skin Contact: Wipe off excess material from skin then immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse.
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
Note to Physician: Oral ingestion may cause serum acidosis.
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5. Fire Fighting Measures
Fire: Calcium Chloride is not considered to be a fire hazard.
Explosion: Calcium Chloride not considered to be an explosion hazard.
Fire Extinguishing Media: For Calcium Chloride use any means suitable for extinguishing surrounding fire.
Special Information: In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. At high temperatures or when moistened under fire conditions, calcium chloride may produce toxic or irritating fumes.
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6. Accidental Release Measures
Ventilate area of leak or spill. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8. Spills: Sweep up and containerize for reclamation or disposal. Vacuuming or wet sweeping may be used to avoid dust dispersal. Small amounts of residue may be flushed to sewer with plenty of water.
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7. Handling and Storage
Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against physical damage. Moist calcium chloride and concentrated solutions can corrode steel. When exposed to the atmosphere, calcium chloride will absorb water and form a solution. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids)observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.
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8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits: None established.
Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures as low as possible. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): For conditions of use where exposure to dust or mist is apparent and engineering controls are not feasible, a particulate respirator (NIOSH type N95 or better filters) may be worn. If oil particles (e.g. lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerin, etc.) are present, use a NIOSH type R or P filter. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
Skin Protection: Wear protective gloves and clean body-covering clothing.
Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles and/or full face shield where dusting or splashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
Other Control Measures: Maintain good housekeeping in work area. Dust deposits on floors and other surfaces may pick up moisture and cause the surfaces to become slippery and present safety hazards.
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9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: White or gray-white granules.
Odor: Odorless.
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, exothermic.
Density: 2.15
pH: 8 - 9 Aqueous solution
% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F): 0
Boiling Point: >1600C (>2912F)
Melting Point: 772C (1422F)
Vapor Density (Air=1): No information found.
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): No information found.
Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1): No information found.
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10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability: Calcium Chloride is stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Calcium Chloride will pick up moisture from the air and go into solution if exposed in open containers.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Calcium Chloride emits toxic chlorine fumes when heated to decomposition. Calcium Chloride may form hydrogen chloride in presence of sulfuric or phosphoric acids or with water at elevated temperatures.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Incompatibilities: Methyl vinyl ether, water, zinc, bromine trifluoride, mixtures of lime and boric acid, barium chloride, and 2-furan percarboxylic acid. Metals will slowly corrode in aqueous calcium chloride solutions. Aluminum (and alloys) and yellow brass will be attacked by calcium chloride.
Conditions to Avoid: Incompatibles.
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11. Toxicological Information
Oral rat LD50: 1000 mg/kg. Investigated as a tumorigen and mutagen.
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12. Ecological Information
Environmental Fate: Based on available information for Calcium Chloride anhydrous, this material will not biodegrade or bioaccumulate.
Environmental Toxicity: The LC50/96-hour values for fish are over 100 mg/l.
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13. Disposal Considerations
Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved waste disposal facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.
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14. Transport Information
Not regulated.
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15. Regulatory Information
Chemical Weapons Convention: No TSCA 12(b): No CDTA: No
SARA 311/312: Acute: Yes Chronic: No Fire: No Pressure: No
Reactivity: No (Pure / Solid)
Australian Hazchem Code: None allocated.
Poison Schedule: None allocated.
WHMIS:
This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.
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16. Other Information
NFPA Ratings: Health: 1 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 1
Label Hazard Warning:
WARNING! CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED.
Label Precautions:
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Avoid breathing dust.
Keep container closed.
Use only with adequate ventilation.
Label First Aid:
If swallowed, induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. In case of contact, wipe off excess material from skin then immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In all cases, get medical attention.
Disclaimer:
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Our company provides this Calcium Chloride MSDS information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This Calcium Chloride MSDS document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. OUR COMPANY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET FORTH IN THIS MSDS OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, OUR COMPANY WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS MSDS.
化学品名称
化学品中文名称: 次氯酸钠
化学品英文名称: sodium hypochlorite
中文名称2:漂白水漂水
英文名称2: hypochlorous acid
sodium sait
bleach
技术说明书编码: 919
CAS No.: 7681-52-9
分子式: NaClO
分子量: 74.44
[编辑本段]第二部分:成分/组成信息
有害物成分 CAS No.
次氯酸钠溶液 7681-52-9
、
名称:氯化钙(此处指无水氯化钙;其水合物见二水氯化钙,六水氯化钙,四水氯化钙)
俗称:干燥氯化钙
英文名称:Calcium chloride(anhydrous calcium chloride)
分子式:CaCl2
分子量:110.98
CAS No.:10043-52-4
上游原料:长石粉、氢氧化钙、石灰石、盐酸、氧化钙、二水氯化钙
[编辑本段]基本性质
性状:白色多孔块状、粒状或蜂窝状固体。味微苦,无臭。
熔点:772℃(另有资料称782℃)
沸点:大于1600℃
相对密度:2.15
稳定性:稳定
溶解情况:溶于水(放出大量热)、乙醇、丙酮、醋酸、甲酸、阱、吡啶和乙酰胺,不溶于醚。
氯化钙在水中的溶解度很大,0℃时100克水能溶解59.5克氯化钙,20℃时能溶74g,100℃时溶解159克。
其它:空气中极易潮解。与氨或乙醇作用,分别生成CaCl2·8NH3和 CaCl2·4C2H5OH络合物。
【中文名称】: 氯化钾
【颜色】:白色
【汉语拼音】: lǜ huà jiǎ
【化学式】:KCl
【分子量】:74.54
【物理性质】:密度1.984。熔点770°C。升华点1500°C。沸点1420°C。水溶性340 g/L (20°C)。
【CAS 编号】:7447-40-7
【所属类别】: 调节水、电解质及酸碱平衡药
【外文名】:Potassium Chloride , Kaochlor, Kalcorid, Kalitabs
【适应症】 :用于低钾血症(多由严重吐泻不能进食、长期应用排钾利尿剂或肾上腺皮质激素所引起)的防治,亦可用于强心甙中毒引起的阵发性心动过速或频发室性期外收缩。
【用量用法】 :补充钾盐大多采用口服1次1g,1日3次。血钾过低病情危急或吐泻严重而口服不易吸收时,可用静滴,每次用10%10ml,用5%-10%葡萄糖液500ml稀释或根据病情酌定用量。
【注意事项】: 1.静滴过量时,可出现疲乏、肌张力减低、反射消失、周围循环衰竭、心率减慢,甚至心 脏停搏等不良反应。 2.肾功能严重减退者而尿少时慎用,无尿或血钾过高时忌用。 3.脱水病例一般先给不含钾的液体(也可给复方氯化钾液,因其含钾浓度低,不致引起高钾血症),等排尿后再补钾。 4.静滴时,速度宜慢,浓度不可太高(一般不超过0.2%-0.4%,治疗心律失常时可加至0.6%-0.7%),否则不仅引起局部剧痛,还可导致心脏停搏。 5.口服本品溶液或无糖衣片,对胃肠道有较强的刺激性,部分病人难以耐受。当病人服后出现腹部不适、疼痛等症状时,应加警惕。因服用氯化钾片等制剂时,有造成胃肠溃疡、坏死或狭窄等并发症的可能,宜采用本品的10%水溶液稀释于饮料中,在餐后服用,以减少刺激性。如有缓释氯化钾片,则更好。
【规格】: 片剂:每片0.25g、0.5g。 针剂,每支1g(10ml)。
化学品描述:
化学式KCl;式量74.560。无色立方晶体,常为长柱状。密度1.984克/厘米3。熔点770℃,于1500℃升华。溶于水,溶解度为34.7g(20℃)。
用途:农业上用作钾肥(以氧化钾计含量为50—60%),肥效快,可用作基肥和追肥。但在盐碱地或对马铃薯、番薯、甜菜、烟草等忌氯农作物不宜施用。工业上用作制造其他钾盐的原料。医疗上用以防治缺钾症。
制法:可由光卤石(KClO3)加热熔化后分出。
氯酸钾制取氧气化学方程式:2KClO3====2KCl + 3O2 ↑
氯化钙:
化学式CaCl2·2H20白色晶体或块状物。熔点782℃,沸点1600℃,密度2.15克/厘米3( 25℃)。氯化钙在水中的溶解度很大,0℃时100克水能溶解59.5克氯化钙,100℃时溶解159克。能形成含1、2、4、6个结晶水的水合物,它们存在的温度范围是:CaCl2·6H2O低于29℃;CaCl2·4H2O,29~45℃;CaCl2·2H2O,45~175℃;CaCl2·H2O,200℃以上。它也溶于乙醇,生成CaCl2·4C2H5OH,与氨作用,形成CaCl2·8NH3。无水氯化钙是工业和实验室常用干燥剂,但不能用来干燥乙醇和氨。氯化钙易潮解,可用于浇洒道路以消尘。CaCl2·6H2O与冰的混合物的温度可达-54.9℃,用作制冷剂。还用于水泥防冻。
一、物化性质:
无色立方结晶体,白色或灰白色,有粒状、蜂窝块状、圆球状、不规则颗粒状、粉末状。无毒、无臭、味微苦。相对密度2.15(25℃) 。熔点782℃ 。沸点 1600℃ 以上。吸湿性极强,暴露于空气中极易潮解。易溶于水,同时放出大量的热,其水溶液呈微碱性。溶于醇、丙酮、醋酸。与氨或乙醇作用,分别生成CaCl28NH3和 CaCl24C2H5OH络合物。低温下溶液结晶而析出的为六水物,逐渐加热至30℃时则溶解在自身的结晶水中,继续加热逐渐失水,至200℃时变为二水物,再加热至260℃则变为白色多孔状的无水氯化钙。
二、产品用途:
此产品具有遇水发热且凝点低的特点,通常用作道路、高速公路、停车场、码头的融雪和除冰。并有吸水性强的功能,还可用做干燥剂,如用于氮气、氧气、氢气、氯化氢、二氧化硫等气体的干燥。是港口的消雾和路面的集尘、织物防火的最佳材料。生产醇、酯、醚和丙烯酸树脂时用作脱水剂。氯化钙水溶液是冷冻机用和制冰用的重要制冷介质。还有能加速混凝土的硬化和增加建筑砂浆的耐寒能力,是优良的建筑防冻剂。用作铝镁冶金的保护剂、精炼剂。是生产色淀颜料的沉淀剂。用于废纸加工脱墨。是生产钙盐的原料。氯化钙溶液用作海藻酸钠行业、豆制品行业的絮凝剂。