我想知道“毕业设计”这四个字英文怎么翻译的呢

工科毕业设计，这个一般来说 要求严格的话需要写开题报告，然后，答辩，由几个老师来看题目的可行性与工作量。

毕业设计是教学过程的最后阶段采用的一种总结性的实践教学环节。通过毕业设计，学生可以综合应用所学的各种理论知识和技能，进行全面、系统、严格的技术及基本能力的练习。通常情况下，仅对大专以上学校要求在毕业前根据专业的不同进行毕业设计，对中等专业学校的学生不作要求。

毕业设计不同于毕业论文，它的组成部分不只是一篇学术论文，我们拿“机械毕业设计”举例：随着科技发展的进步，各大高校对机械毕业设计的内容提出了一定的要求，2004年以前设计内容一般包括：毕业设计图纸+说明书（毕业论文），2005年以后国家教育部门提出新的要求，结合工厂需求加入了三维设计，模拟仿真，及程序分析研究。其中包括：毕业设计图纸（三维“UG ，PRO/E，CAM，CAXA，SWOLIDWORD”+CAD二维工程图）+开题报告+任务书+实习报告+说明书正文。这足够的说明了做一份优质的毕业设计是要付出相当的努力！

高等学校技术科学专业及其他需培养设计能力的专业或学科应届毕业生的总结性独立作业。要求学生针对某一课题，综合运用本专业有关课程的理论和技术，作出解决实际问题的设计。毕业设计是高等学校教学过程的重要环节之一。相当于一般高等学校的毕业论文。目的是总结检查学生在校期间的学习成果，是评定毕业成绩的重要依据；同时，通过毕业设计，也使学生对某一课题作专门深入系统的研究，巩固、扩大、加深已有知识，培养综合运用已有知识独立解决问题的能力。毕业设计也是学生走上国家建设岗位前的一次重要的实习。

一些国家根据学生的毕业设计，授予一定的学衔。如建筑师、农艺师、摄影师等。中国把毕业设计和毕业考试结合起来，作为授予学士学位的依据。

具体的范文模板

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1F5iGZzQNXhLuIOQgw_21gw

?pwd=v26w 提取码: v26w

 

毕业设计graduation project

毕业论文thesis(用于学士或者硕士,博士论文是dissertation)

实习报告OJT report (internship多用于见习特别是医疗方面,也就是由雇主安排的,而非学校安排的)

翻译如下：

毕业论文设计

"graduation design"或者graduation project

例句：

指导本科生创新基金项目、暑期学校实践和毕业论文设计。

Instructing undergraduates '"Innovation Fund Program"," Summer schoolpractice" and "graduation design".

随着开发、制造过程的数字化和网络化，特别是因特网的普及和发展，出现了基于因特网的先进制造模式——网络化制造模式。数字化机构综合设计平台系统主要是针对方案与构型已经成熟了的机构,

根据总体输入要求的变化,

快速实现机构产品的设计与分析,

将原来变更设计时由设计人员重新改变设计参数的过程变为由设计平台自动完成。数字化机构设计平台采用“自顶向下”的设计方法,

这种方法是从产品构成的最顶层开始把组成整机的部件作为一个整体系统来考虑,

并根据其在产品中的相互位置关系、所起的作用和实现的功能等建立产品构成的布局图形,

通过给定设计约束条件、关键的设计参数等设计信息,

集中地捕捉产品整机设计意图,自上而下地传递所给设计信息,

展开产品的整个设计过程。

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你最后一段的最后一句式不是没说完阿

许多沿海地带开辟游泳偏低物种多样性、 不少植物不适应严酷环境条件,其中包括盐雾、沙运动及干燥、 营养差基板(江雪等. 1985年,布朗和穆尔1990年hesp1991年lammertsgrootjans和1997年bertness1999 FreestoneReissner-Nordstrom和2001年). 尽管如此, 一些植物能够生存的物种都是重要的海岸环境耀初镇定地存放新鲜沉积物(1993格和戴维,翁1994年1998年). 例如,在北美洲东北部的沙丘和沙滩,沙泥breviligulata蕨草的根茎是"先锋作用::就是超越了其他任何殖民主义植物"(翁和交互 1989). 这一乡土常年稳定并已广泛用于发起沙丘(思1982年)但是这是消极的分布与丰度和合作发生在沙滩社区乡土年鉴(2005cheplick). 物种比较丰富,每年可沿海系统,有助于整体物种多样性(江雪等. 1985年 Watkinson先生和戴维1985年hesp1991年stalter等. 1996). 全年社会通常包括混合当地人与外来、尤其游泳运动或其他因素困扰砂(卡斯蒂略、莫雷诺casasola1996年加西亚-莫拉等. 1999年 马丁内斯等. 2001年,布鲁诺等. 2004年,金2005). 除沙、盐雾运动、 任何因素影响生态种子生产及由此可能产生的影响种子雨的动态瞬态种子储备和招聘新的植物物种个人年度(1995年向Houle,1996年lichter2000 特恩布尔等. 2000). 其中生态因素,从不同的空间梯度沿海岸线走向全国土地盐滩 喷雾. 基底水分、盐度、植被程度常年(棕色和穆尔1990年bertness1999 cheplickdemetri和1999年). 这些因素的空间分布格局将可能影响种子雨、种子储备短暂, 招聘、种苗展示年度植物群落沿海滩(pemadasa和Lovell1974年 pemadasa等. 1974年,向Houle1996cheplick2005). 这里分布的潜在种子雨秋季短暂早春种子库、春末和幼苗招聘审查了夏季一年生植物会馆一段海岸沙滩 在斯坦顿岛,纽约. 这个社区是由沙泥breviligulala, 又包含多种本土和外来可获分配与可变沿岸对土地坡度(cheplick2005). 各年度招收苗春种、秋熟种子、种子越冬. 具体地说,我

IM (Instant Messaging) is the Internet's most popular means of communication, and a variety of instant messaging software is also an endless streamservice provider also provides communication services increasingly feature-rich. With the development of the Internet, instant messaging will become increasingly widespread use.

User registration information, buddy list, transmit information to be stored in the database server, the server of choice, the choice of SQL database based on a more easily attained. Process in the system C #, ADO.NET, as well as the perfect combination of SQL2005 to convey information accurately, beautiful interface, easy operation.

Paper focuses on the creation of the server, the client's design, as well as client and server connections, and on this basis for enterprise instant messaging system for research. The realization of information between users, File Transfer.

The most important part of graduation design software Pro / E applications and processing of road provision and implementation process knife. Dissertation focused on the parts of which modeling and NC machining process analysis, as well as Pro / ENGINEER Analog processing analysis.

First parts of this thesis to the three-dimensional modeling analysis of CNC machining parts, and then to Pro / E in CNC Machining, have to do a detailed analysis and description. Chapter are the foreword, which we can understand that the PRO / E production in the social development of the industry and its importance. Chapter II is based on the PRO / E parts modeling design, highlighted in the processing of this thesis the process of product modeling software applications. Chapter III is the analysis of NC machining process content, in this chapter can be seen that in the production process of how the preparation of CNC machining processes, as well as CNC machining process designed to be basic requirements. Chapter IV are parts in PRO / E software environment for NC machining simulation analysis, as well as the generation of NC instructions.

Designed from the present reality, the system introduced on PRO / E of basic applications, the application of functional commands, CNC Machining in PRO / E software in the simulation analysis, and generate CNC machining instructions. Through the detailed process descriptions and many images that give readers a clear understanding of PRO / E product design function and related CNC machining.

Key words: modelingCNC machining technologyAnalog processing

This graduation entitled ji'an evalnaion great huxing happiness community design, design content is divided into the architectural design and structural design.This is a six - storey residential building frame structure, notdoin'that aseismatic.in the “ architecture design ” section, first determine whether the use of building materials and practices, followed by detailed component to determine the shape of the overall architecture and interior space layout, was used again draw the architectural CAD drawings, by suppliers'audit instructor days after the CAD drawing is the main construction.in the “ structure design ” section, in accordance with the architectural design, process, as well as the use of the request of the site material supply and construction skills, such as venue geological conditions, determine the reasonable structure layout plan scheme and structure, and then choose a typical 榀 framework and under column basis for the design calculation.first clear the diagram and the individual calculation parametersthen, under construction practices to determine any dead loads, live load and wind loads, in this calculation on the basis of the reintorcement, barced and reintorcement combination calculation, and finally, columns, beams, staircases and Foundation Board of reinfercement.floorslab with viscoplastic oreticalthe wind load using d - value method for calculatinga framework for vertical load calculation using moment secondary distribution method.during the design process, we use the pkpm software electronicalized, your hand and the results of the electronicalized intercomparing, in order to improve the accuracy of structural calculations.the last days are CAD on pkpm spanning graph construction drawings come to modify the structure.during design time, i applied at the University of the efforts every step.Although many say the best place is not satisfactory, but by this time, i design more than yesterday into fewer.This design is very meaningful.

毕业设计的外文翻译，一般都有涉及专业知识英语，有的确实比较难翻译。个人认为，只要你不是外语专业的，一般的专业应该对外文的翻译要求不会特别严格吧，重点还是要把中文部分的写好呢。

我之前用的方法是根据中文编写的毕业设计内容，逐段在线翻译查询加上自身的英语语法理解再仔细推敲每句话的合理性，才翻译成的。需要提醒的是，网上查到的逐句的翻译基本是直译的，比如部分专有名词你会发现直译过来的会让你哭笑不得，你可以多查下专业书的附录，一般后面有附专业名词英文表。基本在线翻译过来的语句很多都得自己根据英语语法等知识再做调整，这也是它比较难的地方。