如何鉴定汝瓷真品?
一、看胎色
汝瓷胎质细腻,胎土中含有微量铜,迎光照看,微见红色,胎色灰中略带着,俗称“香灰胎”,多见汝州蟒川严和店、大峪东沟,汝州文庙、清凉寺等窑址;汝州张公巷汝窑器,胎呈灰白色,比其他窑口的胎色稍白,是北宋官窑的主要特征。
二、看釉色
汝瓷为宫廷垄断,制器不计成本,以玛瑙入釉,釉色呈天青、粉青、天蓝色较多,也有豆绿、青绿、月白、桔皮纹等釉色,釉面滋润柔和,纯净如玉,有明显酥油感觉,釉稍透亮,多呈乳浊或结晶状。
三、看釉质
真品的釉面长期与空气接触,釉面有一种古旧感,但是通过釉质还能鉴别,釉面匀净,气泡廖若晨星,而且釉内没有绒毛状的流动痕迹者为真品,反之则为仿品。通过30倍以上放大镜观看,真品内气泡清晰可见,似晨星闪烁仿品气泡如堆积的肥皂泡。
四、看支钉
宋代宫廷用汝窑器物一般均采用满釉支烧,为了避免窑炉内杂质的污染,需用匣钵装好,并将器物用垫圈和支钉垫起,防止与匣钵粘连。在器物底部可见细如芝麻状的支钉痕三、五、七个,六个支钉的很少,痕迹很浅,大小如粟米。
五、看器型
汝窑器有瓶、尊、盏托、碗、盘、洗、奁、水仙盆等日用器,少数还有堆花、印花等装饰,底部更有青花年号款,多是用刀笔刻画,和印花、模印等工艺。而且,真品厚重而有质感,抚之如脂;仿品却精致无比,重量较轻。
六、看边沿口部
真品边沿口部的釉色与其他部位相比稍微变薄,口部釉色稍显浅铜红色,汝瓷真品的底部如有磨底,露胎部位呈现香灰胎色;而仿品的胎所使用原材料均不属于汝州当地,因而边沿及口部的釉色很浅(俗称脱口也称露白),甚至变成无色透明的玻璃体。
七、看开片纹
釉面开片较细密,多呈斜裂开片,深浅相互交织叠错,象是银光闪闪的片片鱼鳞,或呈蝉翼纹状,给人以排列有序的层次感。釉中细小沙眼呈鱼子纹、芝麻花和蟹爪纹。并有典型的桔皮釉、冰片釉、茶叶沫,部分柳条纹状的开片是因手拉坯辘轳旋转时,使泥料分子排列结构朝一定方向而形成的现象。
中国的陶瓷在经历了唐代的雍容浑朴后,到了宋代转化为高洁精雅,且达到了炉火纯青的成熟阶段,在艺术上也取得了空前绝后的成就,此时官窑辈出,私窑锋起,而最为著名的自然也是广为人知的宋代五大名窑“汝官哥钧定”,且汝窑也一直被世人列为五大名窑之首,也有那么一句话“天下宋瓷,汝窑为魁”,直到现在还一直是引领风骚。
After experiencing the gracefulness and simplicity of the Tang Dynasty, Chinese ceramics transformed into noble and elegant ones in the Song Dynasty, and reached the mature stage of pure and green fires At this time, the official kilns came out one after another, and private kilns came into being
The most famous of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, Ruguan Gejunding, has also been listed as the five famous kilns by the world First of all, there is also a saying, "Song Porcelain in the world, Ru Kiln is the most important kiln" Until now, it has been leading the trend
汝窑的珍贵,与它的存世量是存在一定的关系的,根据传世名录可见,汝窑从未大规模烧纸,同一器型的往往仅见几例而已,造型简素,则尺寸各异,底部五或三支钉等,北宋清凉寺汝窑的“青如天,面如玉,蟹爪纹,芝麻挣钉釉”,这些都是难以复制模仿的特色特征,从而也令“北宋清凉寺汝窑”获得了“千古一瓷”之美誉。现今已见存世的北宋汝瓷,记载的还不到100件,且也有个说法,天下博物馆者,若无汝窑,尽管再多的文物,再多的孤品,也难称完美。
Ru kiln's preciousness has a certain relationship with its stock According to the catalogue, Ru kiln has never burned paper on a large scale The same type of kiln is often seen only in a few cases Its shape is simple and its size is different Five or three nails at the bottom of the kiln are different
The "Qingliang Temple Ru kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty is as green as the sky, its face is like jade, crab claw pattern, and sesame seed screw glaze", which are all characteristics that are difficult to copy and imitate
The characteristics also make the Ru Kiln of Qingliang Temple in Northern Song Dynasty get the reputation of "one porcelain for thousands of years" Nowadays, there are less than 100 pieces of Ru Porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there is a saying that the world's museums, without Ru Kiln, can hardly be called perfect even though there are more cultural relics and more orphans
众所周知的“汝窑”中的北宋天青釉汝窑笔洗,相信关注汝窑的收藏家们都知道,在2017年10月3日上午,苏富比在香港2017的秋拍上一件千年的传承拍品“北宋汝窑天青釉笔洗”以26亿港币落槌,刷新了当时中国瓷器在世界上的拍卖记录,次消息一出,世界众多媒体相争报道,汝窑再次在拍场上创辉煌。
As we all know, on the morning of October 3, 2017, Sotheby's shot a thousand-year-old inherited photograph of "Northern Song Ru Kiln Tianqing Glaze Brush Wash" in the autumn of 2017 in Hong Kong It dropped a hammer with HK$260 million, refreshing the auction record of Chinese porcelain in the world at that time Ru Yao once again created brilliance in the filming arena
汝窑一直是珍罕及梦寐之器,为世界众多收藏家以及博物馆所青睐的,应说,能见到汝窑的公开也是一种眼福。那么现在让福羲国际来经典重现公开这件“北宋清凉寺天青釉汝窑笔洗”(为上海收藏家谢大康所藏)
Ru kiln has always been a rare and sleeping vessel, favored by many collectors and museums in the world It should be said that it is also a blessing to see the opening of Ru kiln Now let Fuxi International recreate and publish this "pen wash of Ru kiln with celestial glaze in Qingliang Temple of Northern Song Dynasty" (collected by Shanghai collector Xie Dakang)
此件汝窑笔洗,保存完好,器型典美雅致,此珍品釉呈淡雅天青色,素雅清丽,此笔洗满釉支烧,釉如凝脂,釉内含有玛瑙,釉面布满蝉翼纹细不规则的小开片,釉上冰裂纹晶莹清澈,有着典型的“梨皮蟹爪芝麻花”之称,底部有三个细支钉痕,可微见米黄胎色,该器近乎完美,呈现出一种自然天成的雅致,素雅清逸的美感,可属当属汝官瓷之范。汝窑的存世量在市面上寥寥无几,且这种品相几近完美的“汝窑天青釉笔洗”传世品更加是屈指可数,弥足珍贵。
This Ru kiln brush wash, well-preserved, elegant and elegant, this treasure glaze is elegant azure, elegant and beautiful, this brush washed glaze burning, glaze such as gelatin, glaze contains agate, glaze covered with cicada wings fine irregular small open pieces, glaze ice cracks crystal clear, with a typical "pear skin crab claw sesame flower"
said, the bottom of three fine nail marks, can be seen Beige tire color, It is almost perfect, showing a natural elegance, elegant and elegant aesthetic feeling, which can be regarded as a model of Ruguan porcelain Ru kiln's survival in the market is very few, and this product is nearly perfect "Ru kiln celestial glaze brush wash" handed down products are even more countable, precious
此件“汝窑天青釉笔洗”是由上海收藏家(谢大康所收藏),在2017年参加过全国宋代汝窑瓷器研讨会,且已得奖入选。
This "Ru Kiln Celestial Blue Glaze Brush Wash" was collected by Shanghai collector Xie Dakang, who participated in the National Seminar on Ru Kiln Porcelain in Song Dynasty in 2017 and has won an award
全国宋代汝窑瓷器研讨会
全国宋代汝窑瓷器研讨会专家团队
这一件能流传至今的千年瓷器“汝窑天青釉笔洗”,在2017全国宋代汝窑瓷器研究会上经过 赵青云老师(汝窑权威鉴定专家现任河南省文物考古研究所调研员、研究员。系河南省文物局专家组成员,河南省文物鉴定委员,中国钧瓷研究所高级顾问,中国古陶瓷学会副秘书长,河南古陶瓷研究会会长,深圳玺宝楼青瓷博物馆研究员、高级顾问,深圳大学艺术学院名誉教授,广州岭南文理书院客座教授,河南省文物鉴赏家学会副会长,河南省科技史学会常务理事兼古陶瓷专业委员会主任委员,河南省文物考古学会名誉理事等)上手鉴定后 ,一直赞不绝口,赞叹不已,表示能得到这品相极佳且接近完美的汝窑瓷,异常难见,实为非常难得,这不是一般的机遇以及缘分能碰上的。
赵青云老师相关简介
赵青云老师与上海收藏家谢大康合影
上海收藏家谢大康
作为拍卖场上的顶级藏品瓷器之一的“汝窑瓷器”一直也是备受关注的,每一次的出现都会引起业内人的关注,且一旦有成交出去的汝窑瓷器都是低至千万,高至上亿的金额,那么此次这件“汝窑天青釉笔洗”的经典重现,实在是千载难逢之良机,是否能引来新的一波热捧呢,让我们拭目以待这件千年流传珍品的亮相吧。
As one of the top collections in the auction house, "Ru Kiln Porcelain" has always attracted much attention Every appearance will arouse the attention of the industry So this classic re-emergence of "Ru Kiln azure glaze brush wash" is a rare opportunity in a thousand years Whether it can attract a new wave of enthusiasm, let's wait and see