陶瓷的英文

陶瓷原料 Ceramic Material白云土 dolomite长石feldspar 钡长石 celsian

瓷泥petunse, petuntse, petuntze 瓷漆enamel paint, enamel封泥lute

高岭土kaolin, china clay硅石,二氧化硅silica, SiO2堇青石cordierite

莫来石,红柱石andalusite 泥果,坯体clay body 泥釉slip 石灰,生石灰,氧化钙lime, calcium oxide, CaO

氧化锡tin oxide 釉glaze原材料raw material 云母mica 皂石,块滑石steatite

陶瓷类型 Types of Pottery 碧玉细炻器 jasper 薄胎瓷 thin china 彩陶器,釉陶 faience 陈设瓷,摆设瓷 display china 瓷 porcelain, china (China ‘中国’来自’Chin’’秦’,在英文中’中国’和’瓷’同一单词)

赤陶 terracotta, terracotta, red earthenware 代尔夫精陶 delft 德化陶瓷 Te-hua porcelain, Dehua pottery

高温陶瓷 refractory china 工业陶瓷 industrial ceramics 官瓷 mandarin porcelain 光瓷 lusterware

工艺瓷,美术瓷,艺术瓷 art porcelain, art and craft china, art pottery, artistic china 骨瓷 bone china

黑色陶器 basalt 裂变瓷 crackled porcelain 裂纹瓷 crazed china米色陶器 creamware

青瓷 celadon 青花瓷 bule and white porcelain 轻质瓷、轻瓷 light china 日用瓷 household china, table ware

软瓷 soft porcelain 杀菌陶瓷 antiseptic pottery绳纹陶器 Jomon pottery 施釉陶器 slipware

炻瓷 stoneware 素彩瓷 plain porcelain 陶 earthenware 陶瓷 pottery 锡釉陶 majolica

无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯 biscuit, unglazed ware 细瓷 fine china 硬瓷 hard porcelain 赭色粘土陶器 terra sigillata

紫砂 purple granulated, purple sand, terra-cotta 工艺技术 Technology 凹雕 intaglio 标记 marking

玻璃化 vitrify 车削 turning 成型 forming 冲压,冲压花 repousse 瓷土加工 clay processing 雕刻 carving

浮雕 relief 隔焰窑 muffle 工艺技术 technology 硅氧键 silicon-oxygen bond 技艺 technique, craft

间断窑 intermittent kiln 浇铸 casting 拉毛 sgraffito 连续窑 continuous kiln 镂雕、镂空 piercing

辘轳车 jigger 泥釉彩饰法 trailing 碾磨 grinding 抛光 burnishing, polishing 破裂 chip 性能 property

嵌入 inlay 切刻 incising 筛子 sieve 烧制 firing 陶瓷科技 ceramics 陶轮 potter’s wheel 细裂纹 craze

贴花、嵌花 appliqué, decal 凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽 undercut 压印 impressing 窑 kiln

印花 stamping 釉上彩 overglazed color figure 釉下彩 underglazed color figure 装饰 décor, decoration

预加工 pre-processing 粘性，粘滞性 viscosity, stiffness 转模片 jiggered piece 转印 transfer print

其它 Others 斑点 speck 半透明 translucence, translucency, translucent 不渗透的 nonporous 不透明的 opaque

茶叶罐 caddy 单色的 monochrome 镀金 gild 多色的 polychrome 高白 high white, Gaobai

工艺品 artware 鬼工，鬼爷神工 demon’s work, kuei kung 建白材料 construction/building material

景德镇 Jingdezhen, Ching-te-chen 景泰蓝 cloisonné 绝缘子 insulator 考古学 archaeology

可塑的 plastic 流变学 rheology 琉璃瓦 glazed tile 模型、模特 model 模子 mould 耐热 heat-proof

配方 formula 盆栽 bonsai 漆器 lacquer work 器皿 ware 青铜器 bronze work 手印，指印 finger mark

秦始皇陵兵马俑 life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb 人类学 antropology 渗透的 porous

首饰盒 jewel case 丝网印刷 silk screen printing 四面体 tetrahedral 搪瓷，珐琅 enamel 陶瓷的 ceramic

陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家 ceramist 陶工 potter 瓦 tile 碗 bowl 卫生洁具 sanitary ware 温度 temperature

硬度 hardness 釉工 glazier 圆块，雕球，瘤 knob 砖 brick 爱比克泰德 Epicteus（活动于520-500 BC）古希腊陶工兼画家 何朝宗 He Chaozhong（1522-1620） Chinese ceramist in Ming Dynasty,中国明代陶瓷艺术家

韦奇伍德 Wedgwood（1730-1795）英国著名陶瓷工匠和制造商

希腊古瓮颂’Ode on a Crecian Urn’英国诗人济慈 Keats（1795-1821）的名诗，惊叹古希腊陶器彩绘之精美

matt:哑光 transparent:透明釉 opaque: 不透明釉 pigmented:色釉 crackled:裂纹釉pearlized :珍珠釉under glazed:釉下彩on-glazed:釉上彩浮雕：relief, emboss bisque firing:素烧 glost firing:釉烧 gild ：镀金decal：贴花trinket box：首饰盒 silk screen printing :丝网印 素彩瓷 plain porcelain 高温陶瓷 refractory china 窑：kiln

长石feldspar

瓷泥petunse, petuntse, petuntze

瓷漆enamel paint, enamel

封泥lute

高岭土kaolin, china clay

硅石,二氧化硅silica, SiO2

堇青石cordierite

莫来石,红柱石andalusite

泥果,坯体clay body 泥釉slip

石灰,生石灰,氧化钙lime, calcium oxide, CaO

氧化锡tin oxide

釉glaze

原材料raw material

云母mica

皂石,块滑石steatite

dolomite：白云土

terracotta:红土

construction/building material :建白材料

陶瓷质地和类型 Qualities &Types of Pottery

White Body 白胎

碧玉细炻器 jasper

薄胎瓷 thin china / egg-shell porcelain

彩陶器,釉陶 faience

陈设瓷,摆设瓷 display china / ornamental porcelain

瓷 porcelain, china (China ‘中国’来自’Chin’’秦’,在英文中’中国’和’瓷’同一单词)

赤陶 terracotta, terracotta, red earthenware

代尔夫精陶 delft

德化陶瓷 Te-hua porcelain, Dehua pottery

高温陶瓷 refractory china

低温陶瓷low-fired porcelain

工业陶瓷 industrial ceramics

工艺瓷,美术瓷,艺术瓷 art porcelain, art and craft china, art pottery, artistic china

骨瓷 bone china

古瓷ancient porcelain

官瓷 mandarin porcelain

光瓷 lusterware

黑色陶器 basalt

裂变瓷 crackled porcelain

裂纹瓷 crazed china

米色陶器 creamware

青瓷 celadon

青花瓷 blue and white porcelain

轻质瓷、轻瓷 light china

日用瓷 household china, table ware

软瓷 soft porcelain

杀菌陶瓷 antiseptic pottery

绳纹陶器 Rope figure pottery

施釉陶器 slipware

粗瓷 stoneware

素彩瓷 plain porcelain

陶 earthenware

陶瓷 pottery

无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯 biscuit, unglazed ware

锡釉陶 majolica

细瓷 fine china

硬瓷 hard porcelain

赭色粘土陶器 terra sigillata

紫砂 purple granulated, purple sand, terra-cotta

长石瓷feldspar porcelain

瓷牙；牙科用瓷dental porcelain

瓷质纱网装饰瓷器lace work porcelain

电瓷electrical porcelain

雕塑瓷；象牙色帕利安瓷statuary porcelain

高铝瓷high-alumina porcelain

锆质瓷zircon porcelain

滑石瓷 steatite porcelain

化学瓷chemical porcelain

尖晶石瓷spinel porcelain

堇青石瓷cordierite porcelain

镁橄榄石瓷forsterite porcelain

镁质瓷；氧化镁瓷 magnesia porcelain

莫来石瓷mullite porcelain

耐热瓷器refractory porcelain

缥瓷faint coloured porcelain

青白瓷greenish white porcelain

熔块瓷fritted porcelain

三成分瓷器triaxial porcelain

钛质瓷titania porcelain

天然原料制成的瓷器natural porcelain

透辉石瓷diapside porcelain

卫生瓷器sanitary porcelain

鸭蛋青瓷duck-egg porcelain

氧化铝瓷alumina porcelain

原始瓷proto-porcelain

皂石瓷soapstone porcelain

中火度瓷intermediate porcelain

IC管瓷IC packages

白云石瓷dolomitic

保温耐火砖insulating firebrick

釉面

transparent:透明釉的

opaque: 不透明釉的

pigmented:色釉的

crackled:裂纹釉的

pearlized :珍珠釉的

Color Glaze 花釉

White Glaze 白釉

Red Glaze 红釉

Pearl Glaze 珍珠釉

翡翠釉翠绿釉Kingfisher blue glaze

分相釉phase separation glaze

粉青釉 lavender grey glaze

复合釉混合铀composite glaze

钙釉.石灰釉calcareous glaze

盖底釉cladding glaze

高硅质釉硅酸质釉siliceous glaze

高温釉hard glaze

瓜皮绿釉cucumber green glaze

光泽釉bright glaze

光泽釉 glossy glaze

孩儿脸(铜红釉)crushed strawberry red

孩儿脸釉strawberry red glaze

海参釉trepang glaze

海棠红釉begonia red glaze

虹彩釉luster glaze

弧坑釉crater glaze

虎斑釉tiger-skin glaze

琥珀釉amber glaze

花釉；复色釉fancy glaze

滑石釉talc glaze

灰釉ash glaze

挥发釉vapour glaze

火焰红釉flamboyant red glaze

鸡皮釉fowl-skin glaze

基础釉parent glaze

祭红altar red

祭红釉sacrificial red glaze

祭蓝altar blue

祭蓝釉sacrificial blue glaze

荠红釉shiny red glaze

荞蓝釉deep blue glaze

贾丁尼尔釉Jardiniere glaze

碱石灰釉alkaline-calcareous

碱釉alkaline glaze

豇豆红釉cowpea red glaze

豇豆红釉haricot red glaze

酱釉；棕釉brown glaze

结晶釉crystalline glaze

金丝黄釉gold filament yellow glaze

金星绿釉aventurine green glaze

金星釉；砂金釉aventurine glaze

金属釉metallic glaze

桔皮釉orange-peel glaze

钧釉chun glaze

可鲁宾釉（红蓝混合釉）Columbine glaze

可帕尔塔釉（盖面透明釉）coperta glaze

可溶性釉soluble glaze

孔雀蓝釉peacock blue glaze

孔雀绿釉peacock green glaze

辣椒红釉chilli red glaze

郎窑红釉Lang yao red glaze

郎窑绿釉Lang yao green glaze

梨皮釉pear peel glaze

锂辉石釉spodumene glaze

流纹釉flowing glaze

龙皮釉dragon-skin glaze

卵青釉egg and spinach glaze

罗宾蛋壳釉（乳白青绿色）robin\\\'s-egg glaze

罗金厄姆釉（紫褐色铅釉）Rockingham glaze

麻点釉sesame pot glaze

梅子青釉plum green glaze

美人醉釉beauty\\\'s flush glaze

米黄色釉；奶油色釉cream glaze

面釉cover glaze

墨地三彩tricolour with china-ink

南京黄釉（金黄-棕色）Nankin yellow glaze

泥浆釉；易熔粘土釉slip glaze

凝固釉（釉浆与明胶的混合物）solidified glaze

牛血红釉ox-blood glaze

牛血红釉 sang-de-boeuf (法语）

硼釉boracic glaze

葡萄紫釉grap purple glaze

铅硼釉lead borate glaze

铅釉lead glaze

茄皮紫釉aubergine glaze

青瓷釉celadon glaze

日本风格的铁系花釉；天目釉的日本译名tessha glaze

熔块釉fritted glaze

乳白釉opaline glaze

乳光釉opalescence glaze

乳鼠皮釉mousie skin glaze

砂金釉；金星釉gold stone glaze

鲨皮釉（有皱纹特征）[日本]shark-shin glaze

鳝皮绿釉green eel-skin glaze

鳝皮釉eel-skin glaze

鳝鱼黄釉eel yellow

鳝鱼青釉eel bluish green glaze

蛇皮绿釉 green snake-skin glaze

蛇皮釉 snake-skin glaze

生料釉raw glaze

生铅釉raw lead glaze

失透釉devitrification glaze

石灰釉lime glaze

Crack Glaze 纹片釉

Color Glaze with gold 色釉金彩

工艺技术 Technology

凹雕 intaglio

标记 marking

玻璃化 vitrify

车削 turning

成型 forming

冲压,冲压花 repousse

瓷土加工 clay processing

雕刻 carving

浮雕 relief

隔焰窑 muffle

工艺技术 technology

硅氧键 silicon-oxygen bond

技艺 technique, craft

间断窑 intermittent kiln

浇铸 casting

拉毛 sgraffito

连续窑 continuous kiln

镂雕、镂空 piercing

辘轳车 jigger

泥釉彩饰法 trailing

碾磨 grinding

抛光 burnishing, polishing

破裂 chip

嵌入 inlay

切刻 incising

筛子 sieve

烧制 firing

陶瓷科技 ceramics

陶轮 potter’s wheel

贴花、嵌花 appliqué, decal

凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽 undercut

细裂纹 craze

性能 property

压印 impressing

窑 kiln

印花 stamping

釉上彩 overglazed color figure

釉下彩 underglazed color figure

预加工 pre-processing 粘性，粘滞性 viscosity, stiffness

转模片 jiggered piece

转印 transfer print

装饰 décor, decoration

Cut edge切割边缘

Scalloped扇形边的

陶瓷成品

杯mug

Meat Plate, Round-edge 荷口汤盘

Soup Plate 汤盘

Tea cup 茶杯

Tea Saucer 茶杯碟

Creamer 奶壶

Bowl ( Rice pot , Fan-zong) 饭碗

Coffee cup / Saucer 咖啡杯碟

Tea cup/Saucer茶杯/碟

Milk pot 奶壶

Salad Bowl 沙拉碗

Shaker 筛

Tureen 汤窝

Duck bowl 鸭碗

Rice Bowl 饭碗

Rice bowl Flaring 反口碗

Rice bowl rope 反口碗

Saucer, thick body 厚碟

Bowl with cover 盖碗

Cylindrical Decor 直身杯碟

Tea Pot, Persimmon Shape No. 2 2号筛壶

Plate with handle/ heat plate, thick带把手的厚碟

4.5” Rice Bowl Flaring 4.5`反口碗

Platter 大浅盘

Vase 花瓶

Fish Bowl 鱼缸

Fruit Plate 水果盘

Deep Plate深盘

Pepper Jar 胡椒瓶 pepper cellar

Salt Jar 盐瓶 Salt sellar

Seasoning Dish 格碟

Food Mixing Bowl 斗碗

Table wares Set 餐具

Teacup with saucer 茶杯碟

Christmas Toys 小丑

Goddess of Mercy 观音

Eight Immortals of ancient Figures 八仙

God of longevity with lad 寿星

God of wealth/Treasure/Longevity 财神

Porcelain figuring 人物

Mask 面具

Oval plate 鱼盘

Meat Plate 拼盘

Flat Plate 平盘

Soup Plate 汤盘

Porcelain for daily use 日用陶瓷

Porcelain for artistic 工艺陶瓷

Porcelain for display 陈列陶瓷

the imitation of antique porcelain 仿古陶瓷

labels for porcelain 花纸

Gold-embossed porcelain 刷金

vats 盆

Corrugated cardboard boxes 皱硬纸板箱

Fleur bouquet 花篮

13pec Chinese Tea Pot

6pec Decorated Mug set

Cow mobile 6/s 动态牛

Single unicorn独角兽（麒麟）

Spoon Rest

Candle holder 烛座

Vase open-work 通花瓶

flower pot 花瓶

Pair of horse, brown 棕色对马

15pes “chaozhou” tea service 15头 潮州茶具

Sugar pot 糖罐

inner box bubble 气泡袋

Polly foam polybag 胶袋

Lamp stand 灯台

Foamed Plastic 泡莫塑料

Lampshade 灯罩

Candlestick 烛台

其它 Others

斑点 speck

半透明 translucence, translucency, translucent

不渗透的 nonporous

不透明的 opaque

茶叶罐 caddy

单色的 monochrome

多色的 polychrome

高白 high white, Gaobai

工艺品 artware

鬼工，鬼爷神工 demon’s work, kuei kung

景德镇 Jingdexhen, Ching-te-chen

景泰蓝 cloisonné

绝缘子 insulator

考古学 archaeology

可塑的 plastic

流变学 rheology

琉璃瓦 glazed tile 模型、模特 model

模子 mould

耐热 heat-proof

配方 formula

盆栽 bonsai

漆器 lacquer work

器皿 ware

秦始皇陵兵马俑 life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb

青铜器 bronze work

人类学 antropology

渗透的 porous

手印，指印 finger mark

丝网印刷 silk screen printing

四面体 tetrahedral

搪瓷，珐琅 enamel

陶瓷的 ceramic

陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家 ceramist

陶工 potter

瓦 tile 碗 bowl

卫生洁具 sanitary ware

温度 temperature

硬度 hardness

釉工 glazier

圆块，雕球，瘤 knob

砖 brick

爱比克泰德 Epicteus（活动于520-500 BC）古希腊陶工兼画家

何朝宗 He Chaozhong（1522-1620） Chinese ceramist in Ming Dynasty,中国明代陶瓷艺术家

韦奇伍德 Wedgwood（1730-1795）英国著名陶瓷工匠和制造商

希腊古瓮颂’Ode on a Crecian Urn’英国诗人济慈 Keats（1795-1821）的名诗，惊叹古希腊陶器彩绘之精美

2.There are

3.There were

4.There was

5.There are

6.there was

7.There were

8.There are

解析：1.(There is)only an apple in the basket.

没有过去式标志词或短语，an apple说明是单数，故为There is

2.(There are)three boys in my family.

没有过去式标志词或短语 three boys说明是复数，故为There are

3.(There were)two books on the desk last night.

last night，昨天晚上，说明是过去式，又two books 是复数，∴填There were

4.(There was)a little water in the glass this morning.

water不可数，不可数名词谓语动词用单数，所以在is，are之间选单数is，又∵this morning是今天早上，已经看见过了，是过去式，所以There was

5.(There are)many maps of China on the wall.

没有过去式标志词或短语，maps是可数名词，前有many，后有s，说明是复数，故填There are

6.Long ago,(there was)a besutiful girl named Snow White.

a besutiful girl 中的 a说明是一个美丽的女孩，一个，为单数，且named 和.Long ago说明为过去式∴there was是正确答案

7.(There were)a lot of mice in the street last month.

mice 老鼠，是可数名词，a lot of 说明是大量的老鼠，可数名词复数，应该填are。

可是要注意。后屁股还有last month，上个月，说明为过去式，故正确答案为There were

8.(There are)any thll buidings in the past in China?

buidings后面跟了个小跟班“S”所以是复数，又没有标志性过去式短语或单词，

所以There are是正确答案！

采纳我的吧。。O(∩_∩)O~我打得很辛苦啊

“秦”（Chin）。英文“瓷器”（china）一词则是由

“China”一词派生来的，而不是“China”是从“c

hina”派生的。说Chinese是“瓷人”完全是无中生

有，挑拨离间。随便问问你身边的美国人或英国人就会得出答案。

Chinese硬译是“秦人”。就像早先的华人自称“唐人”，

绝不会有人说这其实是蔑称“糖人”。欧洲从罗马帝国时就知道

中国，那时中国是“大秦”。俄国知道中国比较晚，那时已经是

北宋。但和他们更临近的是辽。所以他们称中国“契丹”。把自

己称作“瓷人”的中国人是自取其辱，把中国人称作“瓷人”的

外国人是别有用心。问问任何一个说英语的人就知道，“瓷人”

在英语里叫“china dolls”。真正骂人的话是“C

hina－man”。听见别人这么称你再抗议不迟。至于称我

们“秦人”，虽然使巫婆、任丁他们显得更“正宗”，但没什么

不好。秦帝国毕竟是中国历史上第一个统一的中央皇朝，当时世

界上最强盛国家。如果欧洲也是和俄国人一样到了北宋才知道有

个中国，管咱们叫“宋人”，那才真叫人气得肝儿疼。

至于字尾，加州人、德州人这些“外来户”倒是“an”结尾了，

也不知为什么当年参与美利坚立国的“Marylander”、

“New Yorker”、“New Englander”

就楞把好名都留给他们了。就连当年最被歧视非洲人，也得了“

African”的好名字，实在是颠倒了耶！

词语作为表达思想的载体，常常被打上时代的烙印、留有

历史变迁的痕迹，“支那”一词的称呼也是一样。据考证，“

支那”原是“Cina”〔d�in�〕的音译，是古代印度对古代中

国的称呼，最早出现在梵文佛经中。梵文Cina进入不同的语言

中，其读音变化不大，译音是“China”、“支那”、“脂那”、

“至那”或“震旦”。根据对Cina的来源的不同看法，其原始

含意也不相同。比较有代表性的说法有四种：1．认为Cina在梵

文中表示中国“丝”。古代印度人、波斯人、古希腊人，都用

中国丝（梵文Cina）指称中国；2．认为Cina是秦国的“秦”的

梵文译音，Cina的梵文含义是“秦国”，是古代印度人对秦汉

时期的中国的称呼；3．认为Cina在梵文中有“偏僻遥远”的意

思；4．认为Cina指羌族。

梵文Cina在印度出现后，向西方传播，经由中亚到欧洲，

进入英语，逐步演变为今天英语中的“China”。罗马传教士卫

匡国在1655年最早提出China是秦国的“秦”的译音。在China

一词出现前，欧洲对中国的称呼基本上都来自Cina〔d�in�〕

的读音，只是根据不同的语言稍有差异。梵文Cina向东方传播，

进入中国和日本，译音为“支那”、“脂那”、“震旦”等。

梵文Cina进入古代中国后，古代一般把梵文Cina音译为“震旦

”，但Cina（震旦）是外国人（最初是印度人）对古代中国的

称呼，中国人一般不这样使用。

陶瓷术语中英语翻译对照

Ceramic Material

白云土 dolomite

长石feldspar

petunse, petuntse, petuntze

瓷漆enamel paint, enamel

封泥lute

kaolin, china clay

硅石,silica, SiO2

堇青石cordierite

莫来石,红柱石andalusite

泥果,坯体clay body

泥釉slip

石灰,生石灰,氧化钙lime, calcium oxide, CaO

氧化锡tin oxide

釉glaze

原材料raw material

云母mica

皂石,块滑石steatite

其它 Others

斑点 speck

半透明 translucence, translucency, translucent

不渗透的 nonporous

不透明的 opaque

罐 caddy

单色的 monochrome

镀金 gild

多色的 polychrome

高白 high white, Gaobai

工艺品 artware

鬼工，鬼爷神工 demon’s work, kuei kung

建白材料 construction/building material

景德镇 Jingdexhen, Ching-te-chen

景泰蓝 cloisonné

绝缘子 insulator

考古学 archaeology

可塑的 plastic

流变学 rheology

琉璃瓦 glazed tile

模型、模特 model

模子 mould

耐热 heat-proof

配方 formula

盆栽 bonsai

漆器 lacquer work

器皿 ware

秦始皇陵兵马俑 life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb

青铜器 bronze work

人类学 antropology

渗透的 porous

手印，指印 finger mark

首饰盒 jewel case

silk screen printing

四面体 tetrahedral

搪瓷，珐琅 enamel

陶瓷的 ceramic

陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家 ceramist

陶工 potter

瓦 tile 碗 bowl

sanitary ware

温度 temperature

硬度 hardness

釉工 glazier

圆块，雕球，瘤 knob

砖 brick

爱比克泰德 Epicteus（活动于520-500 BC）古希腊陶工兼画家

何朝宗 He Chaozhong（1522-1620） Chinese ceramist in Ming Dynasty,中国明代陶

瓷艺术家

韦奇伍德 Wedgwood（1730-1795）英国著名陶瓷工匠和制造商

希腊古瓮颂’Ode on a Crecian Urn’英国诗人济慈 Keats（1795-1821）的名诗，惊叹古

希腊陶器之精美

陶瓷类型 Types of Pottery

碧玉细炻器 jasper

薄胎瓷 thin china

彩陶器,釉陶 faience

陈设瓷,摆设瓷 display china

瓷 porcelain, china (China ‘中国’来自’Chin’’秦’,在英文中’中国’和’瓷’同一单词)

赤陶 terracotta, terracotta, red earthenware

代尔夫精陶 delft

德化陶瓷 Te-hua porcelain, Dehua pottery

高温陶瓷 refractory china

工业陶瓷 industrial ceramics

工艺瓷,美术瓷,艺术瓷 art porcelain, art and craft china, art pottery, artistic china

骨瓷 bone china

官瓷 mandarin porcelain

光瓷 lusterware

黑色陶器 basalt

裂变瓷 crack porcelain

裂纹瓷 crazed china

米色陶器 creamware

青瓷 celadon

青花瓷 bule and white porcelain

轻质瓷、轻瓷 light china

日用瓷 household china, table ware

软瓷 soft porcelain

杀菌陶瓷 antiseptic pottery

绳纹陶器 Jomon pottery

施釉陶器 slipware

炻瓷 stoneware

素彩瓷 plain porcelain

陶 earthenware

陶瓷 pottery

无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯 biscuit, unglazed ware

锡釉陶 majolica

细瓷 fine china

硬瓷 hard porcelain

赭色陶器 terra sigillata

紫砂 purple granulated, purple sand, terra-cotta

工艺技术 Technology

凹雕 intaglio

标记 marking

化 vitrify

车削 turning

成型 forming

冲压花 repousse

瓷土加工 clay processing

雕刻 carving

relief

隔焰窑 muffle

工艺技术 technology

硅氧键 silicon-oxygen bond

技艺 technique, craft

间断窑 intermittent kiln

浇铸 casting

拉毛 sgraffito

连续窑 continuous kiln

镂雕、镂空 piercing

辘轳车 jigger

泥釉彩饰法 trailing

碾磨 grinding

burnishing, polishing

破裂 chip

嵌入 inlay

切刻 incising

筛子 sieve

烧制 firing

陶瓷科技 ceramics

陶轮 potter’s wheel

贴花、嵌花 appliqué, decal

凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽 undercut

细裂纹 craze

性能 property

压印 impressing

窑 kiln

stamping

釉上彩 overglazed color figure

釉下彩 underglazed color figure

预加工 pre-processing

粘性，粘滞性 viscosity, stiffness

转模片 jiggered piece

转印 transfer print

装饰 décor, decoration

陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明。中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值。马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年。黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶。近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值。秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究。

陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品。由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围。对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Industry)的范畴。

陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡"。

早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器。中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇。

所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种。考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器。原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求。人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器。

随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。

迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成。

陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围.但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的。

陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分.矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别。因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法。

"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention.

The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research.

Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial industrial products. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of products. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as industry, with an "industrial silicate" (Silicate Industry ) Area.

The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery."

As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise.

The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the products, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural production so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, gradually burn through the burning out of the clay pottery.

With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow.

To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure.

Portland ceramic industry is one of the main branches of industry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical industry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic industry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized.

A wide variety of ceramic products, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.