可再生能源（Renewable Energy)

Solar energy into other can speed. Use value high, an inexhaustible, tiny pollution. The disadvantage expensive.

Wind power an inexhaustible, low cost, tiny faults turbine noise pollution is limited by region

Water for water and air pollution little flaw is limited by region dam will influence ecological environment

Geothermal energy is an inexhaustible, no pollution faults is limited by region agree with 33 | comment (2)

太阳能 转化成其它能速度快.利用价值高,用之不竭，污染极小.缺点 费用昂贵.

风能 用之不竭，成本低，污染极小 缺点 涡轮噪音大受地域限制

水能 对水和空气污染小 缺点 受地域限制水坝会影响生态环境

地热能 用之不竭，没有污染 缺点 受地域限制赞同

可再生能源英文：Renewable energy。

可再生能源是指自然界中可以不断利用、循环再生的一种能源，例如太阳能、风能、水能、生物质能、海洋能、潮汐能、地热能等。 随着世界石油能源危机的出现，人们开始认识到可再生能源的重要性。

人类历史进程中长期依赖的能源都是可再生能源，如薪柴、秸秆等属于生物质能源，另外还有水力、风力等，这些能源大部分都来自太阳能的转化，是可以再生的能源资源。

人类近代社会大规模开发利用的煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源，其能量来源实际上也是源自太阳能的转化，但它们是地球在远古时期的演化化过程中形成和储存下来的，对于我们人类来说一旦用完就无法恢复和再生，因此属于不可再生的能源资源。

实践证明，可再生能源不仅能够提供清洁替代能源，更重要的是可以拉动装备制造等相关产业发展，是后国际金融危机时期加快经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整的有效途径。

开发利用可再生能源，对于保障能源安全、保护生态环境、实现可持续发展具有重要意义。要把发展可再生能源作为一项重大战略举措，切实抓紧抓好。

Through the changes in the ways of making a living in a family over several generations, man has been warned against waste of natural resources and emphasizing the urgent need to preserve these resources.

Ever since man appeared on the earth, man's survival has been heavily relied on nature. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from notate, ranging from the food we eat, the water we drink, to the wood which is tm'ned into furniture.With the development of technology and population growth, the amount and range of materials used has increased at an alarming rate.However, natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion and there is no hope of replacing them. The widespread water shortage is an example in point. If man continued to squander natural resources with no thought for the future, the later generations would be in danger. It is up to us to take effective measures before the situation gets out of hand.

保护自然资源

经过几代人谋生方式的变化，人类已经得到警告，要反对浪费自然资源，急需保护这些资源。

自从人类在地球上出现以来，人类的生存就一直依赖自然。我们日常生活所用的一切，从吃的东西、喝的水到做家具的木材，几乎都来自自然。随着科学技术的发展以及人口的增长，所用物品的数量和范围以令人担忧的速度在增长。然而，自然资源并不是无穷无尽的。一些储量已经到了穷尽的边缘，而且没有希望替换它们。分布广泛的水的缺乏就是一个例子。如果人类不为将来着想继续浪费自然资源，后代就会受到威胁。我们应该采取有效措施，防止形势恶化。

A natural resource is a renewable resource if it is replaced by natural processes and if replenished with the passage of time. Renewable resources are part of our natural environment and form our eco-system.

In 1962, within a report to the committee on natural resources which was forwarded to the President of the United States, Paul Weiss defined Renewable Resources as: "The total range of living organisms providing man with food, fibers, drugs, etc...".

Renewable resources are endangered by industrial developments and growth. They must be carefully managed to avoid exceeding the natural world's capacity to replenish them. A life cycle assessment provides a systematic means of evaluating renewability. This is a matter of sustainability in the natural environment.

in recent years ,the government has been trying their best to promote the usage of clean energy,which has a lot of superiorities compared with traditional energy such as petroleum and coal.

we all know that the volume of coal mines and petroleum is not unlimited.they can support us for just only fifty or one hundred years in future.so we must find some other alternatives to combat energy crisis.

fortunately,the science and technology bring us hope!along with the rapid development of moden technology,human beings are able to get energy from our sun as well as the wind.it is well known that the solar energy is clean and regarded as unlimited in the history of mankind.so it has become a sunrise industry and is bound to take the place of traditional industry.

In order to protect our only planet -earth,please use more clean energy!

(1) of the last century the late 50's early 60's the first prototype nuclear power plant construction

(2) 60's to 70's built a large number of unit capacity in the 600 ~ 1400 MW of the standard nuclear power plant, which is currently the world's 439 nuclear power plants are running (June 2002 statistics) of the subject

(3) 80, began development in the market since the late 90's advanced light water reactor (ALWR) nuclear power plant.

Gen-IV concept was first in the June 1999 meeting of the American Nuclear Society's annual meeting. In the winter that year in November at the annual meeting of the Society to further the development of a clear vision of Gen-IV. United States, France, Japan, Britain and other nuclear countries formed in 2000, Gen-IV International Forum, to be used 2 to 3 years to complete development of Gen-IV research and development objectives plan. The overall goal of this project is around 2030, to provide to the market economy can solve nuclear energy, safety, waste disposal and the prevention of nuclear proliferation Gen-IV.

2 Gen-IV research and development goals

The current Gen-IV advanced nuclear energy system concept is still relatively vague, the international community has no exact definition. However, there has been clear that the "advanced nuclear energy systems" rather than "advanced reactors." It should meet the security, economic, sustainable development, minimal waste generation, fuel, and low risk of the proliferation of basic standards.

2.1 The goal of sustainability

Comparison of the authority in accordance with the definition of the essence of sustainability is how to sustain Earth's life support systems to meet basic human needs. For a particular system, it is a default in the stated objectives and can successfully stage the degree of its development, coordination, sustainability, sustainable development and stable binding within the threshold probability, that is, its success extended to sustainable development goals. Gen-IV of the sustainability objectives include the efficient use of fuel, waste management and nuclear proliferation in the physical limit. Namely:

Sustainability objective 1: Gen-IV will be available worldwide to meet clean air requirements, long-term, reliable, fuel efficient use of sustainable energy.

Sustainability objective 2: Gen-IV nuclear waste generated was minimalused in nuclear waste management will be both properly safe disposal of nuclear waste, but also significantly reduce the dose of the staff to improve public health and protection of the environment.

Sustainability objective 3: Gen-IV nuclear fuel cycle should lead to commercial possibilities of nuclear proliferation limited to a minimum, making it difficult to be converted to military use, and to prevent terrorist activities in the physical provision of more effective measures.

2.2 The objectives of security and reliability

R &D in nuclear energy systems and operation, safety and reliability is a priority fundamentals. In normal operation, or hypothetical transient conditions, nuclear energy systems must maintain its safety margin, to prevent accidents and incidents are effective mitigation measures. At the same time, requiring a high reliability.

Over the years, improved security and reliability of nuclear energy systems, reducing the frequency of radioactive release outside the plant and thereby reduce the probability of a serious accident, has been a clear trend. Gen-IV through further improvements to achieve higher security and reliability, to better protect employees, public health and the environment. In this regard, Gen-IV also has three objectives:

Safety and reliability objectives 1: Gen-IV in a safe and reliable operation will be significantly better than other aspects of nuclear energy systems.

The goal is to induce an accident or by reducing the general accident incident evolved into a serious accident, equipment problems and human factors to increase the number of questions the safety of operation. This goal is also to improve the reliability of nuclear power by strengthening the economy of the system. To achieve these operational goals, to support strengthening of public confidence in the safety demonstration, you need to make appropriate design requirements and be careful.

In order to improve the security and reliability to the highest level, fourth-generation nuclear energy systems must continue to use the industry and regulators to enhance public confidence and to establish relevant laws and regulations, and using future advanced technologies.

Safety and reliability goals 2: Gen-IV core damage highly unlikelyeven damage, the degree is also very light.

The goal of the owner / operation is vitally important. Over the years, people have been committed to reducing the probability of core damage. The measures include the use of PRA methods to develop user requirements documents, in the introduction of passive safety systems concepts.

Safety and reliability of objective 3: in the accident outside the plant under the conditions of no release, no plants outside the emergency.

The public, especially those living in the vicinity of nuclear facilities, the residents of the need to secure nuclear power plant outside the emergency is not a reliable proof. Therefore, Gen-IV design direction is an effort on the design and use of advanced technology through the abolition of emergency outside the factory. This is a revolutionary improvement of nuclear safety, it shows: no matter what nuclear power plant accident, will not result in damage to the public outside the plant.

2.3 Economic objectives

Gen-IV would take significant steps to reduce the cost of new nuclear power plant investment and financial risk, or its sustainability, safety and reliability of the advantages would be higher capital costs and generation costs and the corresponding high-risk flood. For a long time, nuclear power plants mainly with basic load. This situation is changing, the global energy market is controlled by the transition to deregulation, there will be more independent power generation companies and business owners (who runs) into the deregulated electricity market. This means that the nuclear power plant being developed to consider the potential for more plant owners, the future of nuclear energy system to adapt to different requirements, including load following and power smaller units. Most of 已建和在建 economic competitiveness of nuclear power stations is not ideal. As China's energy sector development and deepening of power system, improve the economy of the requirements of nuclear power will be more urgent. Currently, the unit cost of new nuclear power plants ($ 1500 ~ 2000/kW, is the unit cost of fossil fuel power plants 2 to 4 times) and longer construction time, processing time, retired time, with other power production methods should not be compared The. To be able to compete with other electricity production, nuclear power plant construction should be met:

* Initial investment (overnight rate) is less than $ 1,000 per kilowatt

* The total cost of electricity production should be less than 3 cents / kWh

* Construction period is less than 3 years.

Economic goals 1: Gen-IV period in the whole economy of life is better than other energy systems.

To ensure that nuclear energy system has become the world's energy supply system in an indispensable part of the needs of the whole life cost advantage of the period. Lifecycle costs include four major components: construction investment, operation and maintenance costs, fuel cycle costs, decommissioning and decontamination costs. There are other important factors affecting the whole life cycle costs, such as financing conditions, the duration of the project, construction progress, the capacity factor and power plant life. Currently, the investment cost is high and the construction of new nuclear power plants is too long the major obstacles in the financial, operating and maintenance costs while the existing power plant has been greatly improved in recent years. Of Gen-IV, the whole life cycle costs of all the factors to be better than other energy sources (including the existing core systems) to ensure their competitiveness.

Economic objective 2: Gen-IV level of the financial risk of financial and other energy projects the level of risk.

In a competitive capital market, to raise the funds needed for the building, Gen-IV on the financial risk must be reduced to or remain in the competition for new levels of project financing.

英文名称：renewable energy resourcesrenewable energy

定义1：具有自我恢复原有特性，并可持续利用的一次能源。包括太阳能、水能、生物质能、氢能、风能、波浪能以及海洋表面与深层之间的热循环等。地热能也可算作可再生能源。

所属学科：电力（一级学科）；电力规划、设计与施工（二级学科）

定义2：在自然界中可以不断再生并有规律地得到补充或重复利用的能源。例如太阳能、风能、水能、生物质能、潮汐能等。

所属学科：资源科技（一级学科）；能源资源学（二级学科）

非再生能源

英文名称：non-renewable energy

定义：经过亿万年形成的、短期内（以人类历史尺度衡量）无法恢复、不能重复再生的自然能源。例如煤、石油、天然气、化学能

所属学科：资源科技（一级学科）；能源资源学（二级学科）

关于能源短缺的英语作文：

With the rapid development of economy and society, there are many problems, which bring some negative effects to our life. Energy shortage is one of the most serious problems in the world. Many reasons can explain the energy shortage.

With the rapid development of various industries, the demand for energy has also increased greatly. With the passage of time, population growth is another factor. The demand for life, work and other aspects of population growth is also increasing.

Energy waste has always been a serious and common problem In order to solve this problem, all of us should act together for one thing. We should try our best to find new energy to replace our most consumed energy. Everyone should establish the concept that energy is limited.

We should form the habit of saving energy. We can start from small things, such as turning off the lights in a word, and energy shortage It is a major and serious problem in the world. We should solve this problem by finding new renewable energy, saving energy and any other possible ways.

译文

随着经济和社会的快速发展，出现了许多问题，给我们的生活带来了一些负面影响。能源短缺是世界上最严重的问题之一。许多原因可以解释能源短缺。

随着各行业的快速发展，对能源的需求也大大增加。随着时间的推移，人口增长是另一个因素。人口增长对生活、工作和其他方面的需求也在增加。

能源浪费一直是一个严重而普遍的问题。为了解决这个问题，我们大家应该为一件事共同行动。我们应该尽最大努力寻找新能源来取代我们消耗最多的能源。每个人都应该树立能源有限的观念。

我们应该养成节约能源的习惯。我们可以从小事做起，比如一句话就关灯，能源短缺是世界上一个重大而严重的问题。我们应该通过寻找新的可再生能源、节约能源和任何其他可能的方式来解决这个问题。