英语论文有什么特点吗

近二十年来，以振动为主要原因造成的恶性事故相继发生，给国家造成了巨大经济损失。而且，振动问题目前仍是新投运大机组不能按期并网、正常投运的主要原因，在机组正常运行期间，振动问题连续不断，影响到正常生产，经常出现机组减负荷和带病运行的情况，甚至使机组被迫停机处理，这些事故屡见不鲜。本系统基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件平台，对汽轮机振动信号进行读取加窗，并进行谱分析及自相关分析。LabVIEW虚拟仪器就是在以通用计算机为核心的硬件平台上，由用户设计定义、具有虚拟前面板、测试功能由测试软件实现的一种计算机仪器系统。本系统主要完成了对汽轮机振动信号进行读取，对信号进行矩形窗、汉宁窗、海明窗的加窗选择，然后分别进行信号的幅值谱、功率谱、相位谱分析及自相关分析，并且具有图形操作及显示界面。系统运行结果证明，本系统能够完成对信号的读取，并进行三种窗函数及各种分析的动态选择，并用图形显示结果。

Over the last 20 years, mainly due to the vibration caused by the fatal accidents occurred one after another, inflicting huge economic losses. Furthermore, the vibration is still new to large units shipped impossible grid, the normal operation for the main the crew during normal operations, continuous vibration problems affecting the normal production, Units often reduced load and operation of the sick, and even the unit was forced to stand, these incidents not uncommon. The system based on LabVIEW virtual instrument software platform for turbine vibration signal window read, and spectral analysis and correlation analysis. LabVIEW virtual instrument is a common core of computer hardware platform, defined by the user, with virtual front panel, the test function test software from a computer equipment system. The system completed the turbine vibration signal read, the signal rectangular window Hanning, Hamming window window choice, and then the signal amplitude spectrum, power spectrum and phase spectrum analysis and correlation analysis, and operating with graphics and display interface. The result of running the system proved that the system can accomplish the signal read, and three window function and the dynamic analysis of the various options and graphical display with the results.

专业前景 本专业以工程热物理学科为主要理论基础，以内燃机和正在发展中的其它新型动力机械及系统为研究对象，运用工程力学、机械工程学、自动控制、计算机、环境科学、微电子技术等学科的知识和内容，研究如何把燃料的化学能和液体的动能安全、高效、低（或无）污染地转换成动力的基本规律和过程，研究转换过程中的系统和设备的自动控制技术。随着常规能源的日渐短缺，人类环境保护意识的不断增强，节能、高效、降低或消除污染排放物、发展新能源及其它可再生能源成为本学科的重要任务，在能源、交通运输、汽车、船舶、电力、航空宇航工程、农业工程和环境科学等诸多领域获得越来越广泛的应用，在国民经济各部门发挥着越来越重要的作用。 培养目标 本专业方向培养具备热能与动力工程专业方面的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，能在国民经济各部门从事热力发动机和其它新型动力机械及设备的设计、制造、管理、教学和科研等方面的高级工程技术人才。 培养特色 本专业在加强学生基础理论和综合素质教育的同时，加强计算机及自动控制技术的应用，强化专业实践教学，注重全能训练，全面提高学生的实践动手能力和科学研究潜力，使毕业生具有较强的择业竞争能力和较宽的就业适应能力。 主干课程 机械制图、机械原理、机械设计、理论力学、材料力学、工程材料、电工技术、电子技术、计算机软件基础、液压技术、液力传动、内燃机构造、内燃机原理、内燃机设计、内燃机试验、发动机电子技术、工程热力学、流体力学、传热学、自动控制理论、现代测试技术等。 就业方向 毕业后可从事能源与动力设备的行政管理、内燃机及新型动力设备的开发研制、内燃机排放控制、新能源利用、汽车工业、兵器工业、环保工业、交通运输业、船舶、电力、航空宇航工业等方面的工作。

The prospect of major works of the major hot in physics as the main theoretical basis to the internal combustion engine and the other is the development of new machinery and power systems for the study, the use of engineering mechanics, mechanical engineering, automation, computers, environmental science, microelectronics technology disciplines, such as content knowledge and to study how the chemical energy of fuel and liquid kinetic energy security, high-performance, low (or none) of pollution to the power into the basic law and the process of research in the conversion process of the automatic control systems and equipment technology . With the growing shortage of conventional energy, human the growing awareness of environmental protection, energy saving, high efficiency, reduce or eliminate polluting emissions, the development of new energy and other renewable sources of energy has become an important task for the subjects in the energy, transportation, automotive, ships, electricity, aviation aerospace engineering, agricultural engineering and environmental science in many fields such as access to more and more widely used, the department in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role. Cultivate cultivate goal with the direction of the major thermal power projects with the major aspects of the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills, to engage in various departments in the national economy and other heat engines power the new machinery and equipment design, manufacture, management, teaching and scientific research aspects of advanced engineering and technical personnel. Cultivate major characteristics of the students in strengthening the basic theory and the overall quality of education, to strengthen the computer and automatic control technology, and strengthen the teaching of professional practice, pay attention to all the training, students enhance the practice of comprehensive practical ability and scientific research potential, so that graduates have strong competitiveness and a wide choice of employment adaptability. Mechanical Drawing trunk curriculum, mechanical principles, mechanical design, theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering materials, electrical technology, electronics technology, computer software foundation, hydraulic technology, hydraulic transmission, the internal combustion engine structure, the principle of internal combustion engines, internal combustion engine design, the internal combustion engine testing, engine electronic technology, engineering thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, automatic control theory, modern test technology. Employment after graduation can be engaged in the direction of energy and power equipment, administration, internal combustion engines and new development of power equipment, internal combustion engine emission control, new energy use, the auto industry, the weapons industry, industrial environmental protection, transport, shipping, electricity, air space industrial job.

Motor vehicles are not the only air polluters. Coal and oil, used to heat homes and factories and to generate electricity, contain small amounts of sulfur. When the fuels are burned, sulfur dioxide, a poisonous gas, is produced. It is irritating to the lungs. Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil to be burned only if their sulfur content is low.

汽车不是唯一的空气污染。煤炭和石油，用于家庭取暖和工厂，并产生电力，含有少量的硫。当燃料燃烧，二氧化硫，一种有毒气体，就产生了。它是刺激到肺部。一些城市已通过法律，允许煤炭和石油只有在其被烧毁硫含量低。

Most electricity is generated by steam turbines. About half of the sulfur dioxide in the air comes from burning fuel to make steam. Nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, so there is no air pollution of the ordinary kind. But the radioactive materials in these plants could present a danger in an accident. Also, there is a problem in disposing of the radioactive wastes in a way that will not endanger the environment.

大部分电力是由蒸汽涡轮机。关于空气中的二氧化硫，使蒸汽一半来自燃料燃烧。核电厂不烧燃料，所以不存在的那种普通的空气污染。但是，在这些植物的放射性物质可能会提出一个意外的危险。此外，还有一个在放射性废物处置的方式，不会危害环境的问题。

Another type of pollution, called thermal (heat) pollution, is caused by both the fuel-burning and nuclear plants. Both need huge amounts of cold water, which is warmed as it cools the steam. When it is returned to the river, the warm water may stimulate the growth of weeds. It may also kill fish and their eggs, or interfere with their growth.

另一种污染类型，称为热（热）污染，是造成双方的燃料燃烧和核电厂。双方都需要的冷水，这是温暖，因为它大量的蒸汽冷却。当返回到河边，温暖的水会刺激杂草生长。它也可以杀死鱼，它们的卵，或干扰他们的成长。

Physicists are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluting material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment.

物理学家们正在研究发电对环境损害较小的新方法。与此同时，许多发电厂也在实现现代化以减少污染物质。此外，工程师们尝试设计并找到对环境的损害最小的新的发电厂。

Thermal energy and power engineering

This program is to cultivate both master thermal energy and power engineering professional basic theoretical knowledge, computing skills, but also the ability in various forms of generating power plant, refrigeration and air conditioning, new energy related fields in need of economic management knowledge and ability, can be engaged in the electric power industry related to areas of science and technology application, research, development and management of a senior talents. According to the national construction and talents needs, set up the professional direction includes: thermal power engineering, power plant set control operation, refrigeration and air conditioning engineering, gas power engineering, advanced energy engineering etc.

Major courses: theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering thermodynamics, engineering fluid mechanics, heat transfer, turbine principle, boiler principle, thermal power plants, the pump and fan, automatic control theory, motor learning, circuit theory, the control system, unit unit operation principle, thermal process detection technology, engineering graphics, mechanical design basis, electrician technical basis, electronic technology base, refrigeration and cryogenic principle, refrigeration compressor, refrigeration automation and testing technology, gas turbine principle, gas gas-steam combined cycle power plant, gas turbine combined-cyde operation and maintenance, nuclear reactor theoretical basis, nuclear system and the maintenance, the PWR nuclear power plant system and equipment, wind power generation principle, professional class.

Employment place to go: large-scale modernized electric power enterprise, power equipment manufacturing enterprises and energy class enterprise engaged in production, operation and management work, Government departments at all levels and institution engaged in energy, power, energy saving, environmental planning, design, construction, operation, consultation and supervision worketc. Research institutes, universities in energy and power related research and development, teaching, management, etc.

清晰、准确、精练。根据查询相关公开信息显示，工科英语论文词汇是专业术语、半术语，要求语法要求清晰、准确、精练。论文是一个汉语词语，古典文学常见论文一词，谓交谈辞章或交流思想，当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。

能源与动力工程英语是：Energy and Power Engineering

能源与动力工程专业英语是热能与动力工程专业学生的一门重要必修课，其目的是为培养该专业学生的专业阅读与写作能力。

本课程介绍流体、热力学及热的传递、燃料燃烧、制冷空调、锅炉、汽轮机以及新能源等专业英语知识。通过本课程的学习，可以使学生掌握并熟练应用热能与动力工程技术领域中最常用的专业词汇、特有的语法现象、学术论文的写作风格及翻译技巧，从而全面提升学术的专业英语阅读、写作和听说交流能力。

培养学生掌握本专业必需的能源利用、能源工程管理、光伏产品与系统的设计、实施、应用、维护与维修及管理等基本技能；具有一定的新能源产品的分析、监测能力，掌握一般能源产品的生产、制备和检测方法。

能够了解各种新能源的操作环节、各种新能源特性和应用，并具备一定的设备、器件和系统操作技能具有在能源系统工程、能源低碳利用、能源生产过程及其相关各个领域从事科学研究、产品设计及管理工作的能力，了解其学科前沿及发展趋势，并具备创新思维和信息获取处理能力。

主要课程

现代材料科学导论、电子与电工技术、微机原理及接口技术、能源科学技术导论 、单片机原理及应用、自动控制原理、半导体硅材料基础、计算机控制技术、现代分析检测技术、能源工程管理、能源与环境系统工程概论、能源生产过程控制

SCI

《科学引文索引》(Science Citation Index, SCI)是由美国科学信息研究所(ISI)1961年创办出版的引文数据库，其覆盖生命科学、临床医学、物理化学、农业、生物、兽医学、工程技术等方面的综合性检索刊物，尤其能反映自然科学研究的学术水平，是目前国际上三大检索系统中最著名的一种，其中以生命科学及医学、化学、物理所占比例最大,收录范围是当年国际上的重要期刊,尤其是它的引文索引表现出独特的科学参考价值，在学术界占有重要地位。许多国家和地区均以被SCI收录及引证的论文情况来作为评价学术水平的一个重要指标。从SCI的严格的选刊原则及严格的专家评审制度来看，它具有一定的客观性，较真实地反映了论文的水平和质量。根据SCI收录及被引证情况，可以从一个侧面反映学术水平的发展情况。特别是每年一次的SCI论文排名成了判断一个学校科研水平的一个十分重要的标准。 SCI以《期刊目次》(Current Content)作为数据源，目前自然科学数据库有五千多种期刊，其中生命科学辑收录1350种；工程与计算机技术辑收录 1030种；临床医学辑收990种；农业、生物环境科学辑收录950种；物理、化学和地球科学辑收录900种期刊。各种版本收录范围不尽相同：

EI

《工程索引》（The Engineering Index，简称EI）创刊于1884年，是美国工程信息公司(Engineering information Inc.)出版的著名工程技术类综合性检索工具。EI每月出版1期，文摘1.3万至1.4万条；每期附有主题索引与作者索引；每年还另外出版年卷本和年度索引，年度索引还增加了作者单位索引。出版形式有印刷版（期刊形式）、电子版（磁带）及缩微胶片。EI选用世界上工程技术类几十个国家和地区15个语种的3500余种期刊和1000余种会议录、科技报告、标准、图书等出版物。年报道文献量16万余条。收录文献几乎涉及工程技术各个领域。例如：动力、电工、电子、自动控制、矿冶、金属工艺、机械制造、土建、水利等。它具有综合性强、资料来源广、地理覆盖面广、报道量大、报道质量高、权威性强等特点。

EI把它收录的论文分为两个档次

1 、EI Compendex 标引文摘

它收录论文的题录、摘要，并以主题词、分类号进行标引深加工。有没有主题词和分类号是判断论文，是否被EI正式收录的唯一标志。

2 、EI Page One题录

主要以题录形式报到。有的也带有摘要，但未进行深加工，没有主题词和分类号。所以Page One 带有文摘不一定算做正式进入EI。

EI 对稿件内容和学术水平的要求

1、 具有较高的学术水平的工程论文, 包括的学科有:

—— 机械工程、机电工程、船舶工程、制造技术等；

—— 矿业、冶金、材料工程、金属材料、有色金属、陶瓷、塑料及聚合物工程等；

—— 土木工程、建筑工程、结构工程、海洋工程、水利工程等；

—— 电气工程、电厂、电子工程、通讯、自动控制、计算机、计算技术、软件、航空航天技术等；

—— 化学工程、石油化工、燃烧技术、生物技术、轻工纺织、食品工业；

—— 工程管理。

2、 国家自然科学基金资助项目、科技攻关项目、"八六三"高技术项目等。

3、 论文达到国际先进水平, 成果有创新。

EI不收录纯基础理论方面的论文。

ISTP

《科技会议录索引》（Index to Scientific &Technical Proceedings，简称ISTP）创刊于1978年，由美国科学情报研究所编辑出版。该索引收录生命科学、物理与化学科学、农业、生物和环境科学、工程技术和应用科学等学科的会议文献，包括一般性会议、座谈会、研究会、讨论会、发表会等。其中工程技术与应用科学类文献约占35%，其他涉及学科基本与SCI相同。

ISTP收录论文的多少与科技人员参加的重要国际学术会议多少或提交、发表论文的多少有关。我国科技人员在国外举办的国际会议上发表的论文占被收录论文总数的64.44%。

在ISTP、 EI、 SCI这三大检索系统中，SCI最能反映基础学科研究水平和论文质量，该检索系统收录的科技期刊比较全面，可以说它是集中各个学科高质优秀论文的精粹，该检索系统历来成为世界科技界密切注视的中心和焦点。ISTP、EI这两个检索系统评定科技论文和科技期刊的质量标准方面相比之下较为宽松。

机械工程Mechanical Engineering

摘要：

机械工程是为国民经济建设和社会发展提供各类机械装备和生产制造技术以创造物质财富和提高社会文明水准的工程领域。其工程硕士学位授权单位培养从事机械设备设计、生产制造、检测与控制、使用及维修的高级工程技术人才。研修的主要课程有：政治理论课、外语课、高等工程数学、高等工程力学、现代设计理论与方法、现代制造技术及自动化、现代控制论基础、现代试验技术、电子与信息技术基础、现代材料学、现代管理学基础，以及适当选择与行业相关的专业机械的研究、设计和制造等课程。

一、概述

机械工程是为国民经济建设和社会发展提供各类机械装备和生产制造技术以创造物质财富和提高社会文明水准的重要工程领域，是与人类社会活动关系十分密切、应用非常广泛的工程领域。它是一个传统的工程领域，自人类有史以来，就为生产活动所关注，第一次工业革命、第二次工业革命乃至当前的信息革命，无不直接或间接地同机械工程的发展有密切关系；它也是一个发展迅速的工程领域，随着电子技术、自动化技术、计算机及软件技术、材料科学的发展和渗透，充实和丰富了本领域的基础，拓宽和发展了本领域的研究范畴，并促进机械产品和生产过程向精密化、自动化、智能化、连续化、高效化、集成化方向发展。

本领域涉及机械设计、制造、试验、使用、维修等基础理论、技术和方法。并与材料工程、动力工程、电气工程、电子与信息工程、控制工程、计算机技术、工业设计工程等工程领域及力学学科密切相关。

二、培养目标

培养从事机械设备设计、生产制造、检测及控制、使用及维修的高级工程技术人才。

机械工程领域工程硕士要求掌握现代机械设计基础理论和方法、现代制造技术（包括工艺过程、制造加工设备及系统）、现代控制理论和方法、机电液一体化技术、试验技术、机械性能分析技术、使用维修理论及技术。具有从事新产品开发设计能力、生产工艺设计及实施能力、生产设备管理及使用维修能力。

三、领域范围

由于工程硕士直接为工矿企业和交通运输部门培养高层次工程技术人才，行业特征应该比较突出。行业的覆盖面归纳起来可分为：机械制造设备及生产系统；

工程施工机械及生产系统，材料、化工等专用生产设备及生产系统，起重、运输车辆及物流系统，农业生产机械等。

根据工程技术人员工作性质，领域范围可分为：机械设备的设计、开发，机械设备的制造及管理，机械设备的质量控制、性能检测、试验和特性分析，生产设备管理、使用、保养和维修。

四、课程设置

基础课：科学社会主义理论、自然辩证法、外语、高等工程数学、高等工程力学、计算机技术应用及程序设计等。

技术基础课：现代设计理论与方法、现代制造技术及其自动化、现代控制论基础、现代试验技术、电子与信息技术基础、现代材料学、现代管理学基础等。

专业课：根据服务的行业确定，如化工机械、冶金机械、农业机械、工程机械、车辆工程及与各工程领域密切相关的课程等。由培养单位与合作企业根据实际需要确定。

上述课程可定为学位课程和非学位课程。此外，还可以根据实际情况进行不同的组合和设置。课程学习总学分不少于28个学分。

五、学位论文

结合企业的实际课题进行研究工作，根据研究结果撰写论文。对于新产品设计与开发的技术成果，论文应该具有设计方案的比较、评估，设计计算书，完整的图纸；对于重大技术改造和革新的成果，应该具有对原设备与技术的评价，改造和革新方案的评述及结果的技术和经济效果分析；对于产品质量控制和试验的成果，必须有试验方案、完整的实验数据、数据处理分析方法、结果分析；对于生产设备管理成果，必须给出新的管理理论体系，对企业产量和质量作效果分析，并给出创新管理信息系统等。

Mechanical Engineering

Abstract：

Mechanical Engineering concerns various types of machinery and manufacturing equipment used to create property and improve the standard of living. The department which grants master‘s degrees prepares students for careers as high-level engineers， specializing in mechanical design， production manufacturing， measurement and control， operation and maintenance. The program includes political theory， foreign language， advanced mathematics， advanced mechanics， design theory and methods， manufacturing techniques and automation， control fundamentals， experimental techniques， electrical and information fundamentals， material properties， management tools and other courses related to research， design and manufacturing of machinery in various specialties.

I. Introduction

Mechanical engineering， an important and widely applied engineering field closely related to people‘s social activities， provides manufacturing technologies and equipment to create material wealth and promote social progress in the construction of China’s national economy. As a traditional engineering field since the beginning of human history， mechanical engineering has always been the focus of all kinds of production activities. For instance， the First and Second Industrial Revolutions， as well as the present Information Revolution， are all directly or indirectly related to its development. Mechanical engineering is also a rapidly developing field. With the growth and permeation of electronic technology， automation technology， computer and software technique， material science， the foundation of the field has been enriched； the research in this field has been broadened and developed. Therefore， mechanical products and production processes are promoted to develop toward precision， automation， intelligence， progression， integration and high efficiency.

Involving a wide range of basic theories and methods such as mechanical design， manufacture， testing， application， maintenance， technique and method， mechanical engineering has a close tie to material engineering， power engineering， electric engineering， electronics and information engineering， control engineering， computer technique， and industrial design engineering.

II. Program Objectives

The specialty of mechanical engineering aims to train senior engineers to be engaged in the design， manufacture， measurement， control， application and maintenance of mechanical equipment. Graduate is required to grasp basic theories and methods of mechanical design， modern control， modern manufacture technology （including both technological process and machining equipment）， as well as technology in mechanic-electronic-hydraulic integration， testing technology， mechanical performance analysis， theory and technology for application and maintenance. He must also have the capabilities of developing new products， designing and implementing production processes and managing， operating and maintaining production equipment.

III. Scope of the Field

1. With distinctive trade characteristics， mechanical engineering can be categorized as follows：

manufacturing equipment and production system，

construction machinery and production system for architectural and civil engineering，

special production equipment and system for material and chemical engineering，

crane， transportation vehicle and logistic system，

agricultural production machinery，etc.

2. In terms of the specific work of engineers， it is composed of the following branches：

design and development of machinery and equipment，

manufacturing and management of machinery and equipment，

quality control， performance measurement， testing and analysis of the property of machinery and equipment，

management， operation， and maintenance of machinery and equipment.

IV. Curriculum

Basic courses：

scientific socialism， dialectics of nature， foreign language， higher engineering mathematics， higher engineering mechanics， computer application technique， design of computer software， etc.

Basic technical courses：

modern design theory and method， modern manufacturing technology and automation， fundamentals of modern control， modern experimental technique， fundamentals of electrical and information technology， modern material science， modern management science， etc.

Specialized courses：

specialized courses are selected according to actual requirements of the home enterprise through negotiation with the training unit. Tentative choices include chemical engineering machinery， metallurgy machinery， agricultural machinery， construction machinery， vehicle engineering or other related courses.

The above courses can be chosen as degree or non-degree courses. They can be added or lifted in accordance with the requirements of the home enterprise. The total credits must be no less than twenty-eight.

V. Thesis

Research is carried out on actual projects of the home enterprise， on which the thesis is based. Theses dealing with design of new products and technical development must contain comparison and evaluation of design schemes， documents for design and calculation， and full drawings. Those focusing on important technical advance and revolution must include evaluation of the former equipment and technique， introduction to the improved scheme and analysis of technical and economic results. Those on product quality control and experiments must incorporate testing schemes， complete testing data， methods for analysis of the data and discussions of the results. Those on management of production equipment must present new theoretical systems for management， effect analysis of the output and product quality， together with new information systems for management.

Thermal energy and power engineering

This program is to cultivate both master thermal energy and power engineering professional basic theoretical knowledge, computing skills, but also the ability in various forms of generating power plant, refrigeration and air conditioning, new energy related fields in need of economic management knowledge and ability, can be engaged in the electric power industry related to areas of science and technology application, research, development and management of a senior talents. According to the national construction and talents needs, set up the professional direction includes: thermal power engineering, power plant set control operation, refrigeration and air conditioning engineering, gas power engineering, advanced energy engineering etc.

Major courses: theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering thermodynamics, engineering fluid mechanics, heat transfer, turbine principle, boiler principle, thermal power plants, the pump and fan, automatic control theory, motor learning, circuit theory, the control system, unit unit operation principle, thermal process detection technology, engineering graphics, mechanical design basis, electrician technical basis, electronic technology base, refrigeration and cryogenic principle, refrigeration compressor, refrigeration automation and testing technology, gas turbine principle, gas gas-steam combined cycle power plant, gas turbine combined-cyde operation and maintenance, nuclear reactor theoretical basis, nuclear system and the maintenance, the PWR nuclear power plant system and equipment, wind power generation principle, professional class.

Employment place to go: large-scale modernized electric power enterprise, power equipment manufacturing enterprises and energy class enterprise engaged in production, operation and management work, Government departments at all levels and institution engaged in energy, power, energy saving, environmental planning, design, construction, operation, consultation and supervision worketc. Research institutes, universities in energy and power related research and development, teaching, management, etc.

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