生物质能!!

生物质是指通过光合作用而形成的各种有机体，包括所有的动植物和微生物。生物质能是太阳能以化学能形式贮存在生物质中的能量形式，以生物质为载体的能量。它直接或间接地来源于绿色植物的光合作用，可转化为常规的固态、液态和气态燃料，取之不尽、用之不竭，是一种可再生能源。生物质能的原始能量来源于太阳，所以从广义上讲，生物质能是太阳能的一种表现形式。 依据来源的不同，可以将适合于能源利用的生物质分为林业资源、农业资源、生活污水和工业有机废水、城市固体废物和畜禽粪便等五大类。 林业资源：林业生物质资源是指森林生长和林业生产过程提供的生物质能源，包括薪炭林、在森林抚育和间伐作业中的零散木材、残留的树枝、树叶和木屑等；木材采运和加工过程中的枝丫、锯末、木屑、梢头、板皮和截头等；林业副产品的废弃物，如果壳和果核等。 农业资源：农业生物质能资源是指农业作物(包括能源作物)；农业生产过程中的废弃物，如农作物收获时残留在农田内的农作物秸秆（玉米秸、高粱秸、麦秸、稻草、豆秸和棉秆等）；农业加工业的废弃物，如农业生产过程中剩余的稻壳等。能源植物泛指各种用以提供能源的植物，通常包括草本能源作物、油料作物、制取碳氢化合物植物和水生植物等几类。 生活污水和工业有机废水：生活污水主要由城镇居民生活、商业和服务业的各种排水组成，如冷却水、洗浴排水、盥洗排水、洗衣排水、厨房排水、粪便污水等。工业有机废水主要是酒精、酿酒、制糖、食品、制药、造纸及屠宰等行业生产过程中排出的废水等，其中都富含有机物。 城市固体废物：城市固体废物主要是由城镇居民生活垃圾，商业、服务业垃圾和少量建筑业垃圾等固体废物构成。其组成成分比较复杂，受当地居民的平均生活水准、能源消费结构、城镇建设、自然条件、传统习惯以及季节变化等因素影响。 畜禽粪便：畜禽粪便是畜禽排泄物的总称，它是其他形态生物质（主要是粮食、农作物秸秆和牧草等）的转化形式，包括畜禽排出的粪便、尿及其与垫草的混合物。 [编辑] 燃料 图片参考：upload.wikimedia/ *** /mons/thumb/9/93/Alcohol_fuel_pump_in_Brazil/180px-Alcohol_fuel_pump_in_Brazil 图片参考：zh. *** /skins-1.5/mon/images/magnify-clip 巴西的油站。左：汽油；右：酒精 巴西是其中一个努力推广乙醇燃料的国家。 蔗渣是甘蔗提取汁液后剩下的物质。英语中的蔗渣「bagasse」来自法语的bagage、西班牙语的bagazo，原指垃圾。蔗糖作坊常将蔗渣重作为燃料，燃烧时释放的二氧化碳约等于蔗生长时吸入的二氧化碳。它的灰份只有2.5%（煤约为30~50%），在较低温便可燃烧，只生产少量氧化氮。以蔗渣为原料的酒精原料在巴西十分流行，每年生产344

000

000吨的蔗中，便有一半拿来作乙醇。 参见：en:Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil Biomass

in the energy production industry

refers to living and recently living biological material which can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most monly biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as biofuel

but also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres

chemicals or heat. Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes that can be burnt as fuel. It excludes anic material which has been trformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum. It is usually measured by dry weight. The term "biomass" is especially useful for plants

where some internal structures may not always be considered living tissue

such as the wood (secondary xylem) of a tree. Biofuels include bioethanol

biobutanol

biodiesel &biogas. Biomass is grown from several plants

including switchgrass

hemp

corn

willow and sugarcane[1]. The particular plant used is usually not very important to the end products

but it does affect the processing of the raw material. Production of biomass is a growing industry as interest in sustainable fuel sources is growing.[citation needed] Though biomass is a renewable fuel

it can still contribute to global warming. This happens when the natural carbon equilibrium is disturbedfor example by deforestation or urbanisation of green sites. Biomass is part of the carbon cycle. Carbon from the atmosphere is converted into biological matter by photosynthesis. On decay or bustion the carbon goes back into the atmosphere. This happens over a relatively short timescale and plant matter used as a fuel can be constantly replaced by planting for new growth. Therefore a reasonably stable level of atmospheric carbon results from its use as a fuel. Although fossil fuels have their origin in ancient biomass

they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been 'out' of the carbon cycle for a very long time. Their bustion therefore disturbs the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. Other uses of biomass

besides fuel: Building materials Biodegradable plastics and paper (using cellulose fibres) Contents[hide] 1 Biomass production 2 See also 3 External links 4 References

参考: zh. *** /w/index?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E8%83%BD&variant=zh-

生物质能 生物质能科技是利用植物物质产生能量。贮存于动植物或动物粪便的化学能量，我们称之为生物能，燃烧生物质可释放出热能，我们以这些热能推动发电机，以产生电力。由于科技越来越先进，我们可以运用不同方法甚至是更节能的转化过程，例如气化及使用厌氧分解，来产生生物质能。

参考: energyland.emsd/chi/energy/renew_biomass