如何选购油漆

National Paint &Coatings Association (NPCA) is the preeminent organization representing the paint and coatings industry in the United States. A voluntary, nonprofit trade association, NPCA represents some 400 paint and coatings manufacturers, raw materials suppliers, and distributors.

History:

The first meeting to organize an association of paint and varnish manufacturers was held Sept. 11, 1888 at the Grand Union Hotel in Saratoga, N.Y. Delegates at the meeting agreed on an organizational plan and decided on the name National Paint, Oil and Varnish Association of the United States.

There were, however, several local and regional paint clubs in existence at that time. The first and oldest club established was the Paint and Oil Club of New England. Organized Feb. 23, 1884, the club is still thriving today as the New England Coatings Association.

The St. Louis Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association held its first meeting Dec. 18, 1886. Other clubs organized included the Chicago Club - Feb. 25, 1887the New York Club - Feb. 26, 1887the Pittsburgh Paint and Drug Club - May 24, 1887the Philadelphia Club - Oct. 1, 1887and the Cincinnati Club in 1888.

Because paint was distributed mainly through drug stores, many paint manufacturers were already members of the National Wholesale Drug Association.

In the decades following the organization of the National Paint, Oil and Varnish Association, manufacturers in the paint industry formed separate organizations and still retained membership in the national association.

These separate organizations included the Paint Grinders Association of the U.S., which was organized in 1899. Subsequently, the name of that association was changed to the Paint Manufacturers Association of the U.S. in 1907.

The National Varnish Manufacturers Association was established Nov. 3, 1903, and on Oct. 11, 1926, the American Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association was organized as a combination of the National Varnish Manufacturers and the Paint Manufacturers Associations.

Unification of the National Paint, Oil and Varnish Association and the American Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association came on Nov. 1, 1933, at the annual meeting of the industry held in Chicago. At that time, the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association was founded. New conditions demonstrated the interdependence of the various factors of the industry in cooperating with the government through a single powerful organization of its own, with maximum prestige and benefit for both individual members and industry.

At their 84th annual meeting Nov. 9, 1971, the members of the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association voted to change the association’s name to the National Paint and Coatings Association (NPCA). It was felt that this new name would broaden the scope of the organization to include all coatings and better represent the association’s dominant role in the industry’s progress.

National Paint &Coatings Association

1500 Rhode Island Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20005

Phone: (202) 462-6272

Fax: (202) 462-8549

我是做涂料的，把这一段话给你看。这是杜邦关于不粘锅涂料有无毒的最新官方进展。从这里看来，我认为是有毒的，只不过不是用一年或几年就能发生明显症状。

DuPont Settles With U.S. EPA on PFOA Reporting Matter

杜邦公司就全氟辛酸及其盐类（PFOA）

技术报告事项与美国环保署达成和解

Company Has Voluntarily Reduced PFOA Emissions from U.S. Plant Sites by 98 Percent

杜邦公司已主动将其美国工厂的全氟辛酸及其盐类（PFOA）排放减少了98%

WILMINGTON, Del., Dec. 14, 2005 - DuPont today announced it has reached a settlement agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in an enforcement action related to the chemical compound perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), pending final approval by the EPA Environmental Appeals Board.

（2005年12月14日－美国特拉华州威明顿市讯） 杜邦公司今天宣布，杜邦公司就有关化学物质全氟辛酸及其盐类（PFOA）的一项执法案件，已经与美国环境保护署（U.S. Environmental Protection Agency或EPA）达成和解协议。该和解协议目前有待美国环保署上诉委员会（EPA Environmental Appeals Board）的最终批准。

The agreement resolves four counts of reporting violations under the Toxic Substances Control Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act that were filed in 2004, one of which dates back to the 1980s. Four additional counts, raised by the agency in 2005, also were resolved. The settlement closes this matter for DuPont without any admission of liability.

这一和解协议解决了2004年所提起的有关违反《有毒物质控制法》和《资源保护法》技术报告程序的四项指控，其中的一项指控可追溯到20世纪80年代。美国环保署于2005年提起的另外四项指控也一并予以解决。该和解协议的达成使杜邦公司在无需承担责任的情况下得以了结该案件。

"Our interpretation of the reporting requirements differed from the agency's. The settlement allows us to put this matter behind us and move forward," said DuPont Senior Vice President and General Counsel Stacey J. Mobley. "We have already cut PFOA emissions from U.S. plant sites by 98 percent, and we are committed to reducing those emissions by 99 percent by 2007."

杜邦公司全球高级副总裁、全球首席法律顾问马伯乐先生（Stacey J. Mobley）说："我们与环保署对相关技术报告程序的理解有所不同。该和解协议使我们能够跨越这些，而着眼于未来。杜邦公司已经把在美国工厂的全氟辛酸及其盐类（PFOA）的排放量减少了98%，并且正致力于在2007年时削减到99%。"

In April, DuPont and EPA confirmed that they had reached an agreement in principle, subject to certain conditions, to resolve the complaint. At that time, the company established and announced a reserve of $15 million, pending final resolution of the matter.

今年4月，杜邦公司与美国环保署确认他们就在某些条件下解决有关的指控已经原则上达成协议。那时，杜邦公司准备并且宣布了1500万美元的拨款，以等待事项的最终解决方案。

Today, the company said it will pay $10.25 million in fines and an additional $6.25 million for two supplemental environmental projects to be undertaken in connection with the settlement. The supplemental environmental projects include funding for a research program to evaluate the potential for fluorotelomer biodegradationand funding for microchemistry and green chemistry programs in certain West Virginia schools.

今天，杜邦公司表示，将支付1025万美元作为罚款，另外有625万美元用于与和解协议有关的二个附加的环保项目。这两个环保项目包括：为一个评估氟调聚物生物降解性的研究计划提供资金，以及资助在西维吉尼亚州的若干个学校开展微量化学和绿色化学的项目。

EPA continues its risk assessment process for PFOA to determine if there are any issues that require a regulatory response. DuPont continues to support and fully participate in the risk assessment process. Meanwhile, studies by DuPont and independent researchers confirm that cookware and other consumer products made with or using DuPont materials are safe for consumer use. In addition, to date no human health effects are known to be caused by PFOA.

美国环保署将继续对全氟辛酸及其盐类（PFOA）进行风险评估，以决定是否存在需要在监管方面做出反应的有关事项。杜邦公司将继续支持和全力参与这一风险评估过程。同时，杜邦公司和独立的科研人员所进行的研究都确认，由杜邦公司的材料制成的、或是采用了杜邦公司的原材料的炊具和其它消费产品都是可以让消费者安全使用的。另外，直到今天为止，仍然没有发现由全氟辛酸及其盐类（PFOA）所引起的对人类健康影响的任何个案。

DuPont is a science company. Founded in 1802, DuPont puts science to work by creating sustainable solutions essential to a better, safer, healthier life for people everywhere. Operating in more than 70 countries, DuPont offers a wide range of innovative products and services for markets including agriculture, nutrition, electronics, communications, safety and protection, home and construction, transportation and apparel.

成立于1802年的杜邦公司是一家科学企业，致力于利用科学创造可持续的解决方案，让全球各地的人们生活得更美好、更安全和更健康。杜邦公司的业务遍及全球70多个国家和地区，以广泛的创新产品和服务涉及农业、营养、电子、通讯、安全与防护、家居与建筑、交通和服装等众多领域。

可以说是的，

氟碳漆又称氟碳油漆，氟碳漆是由氟碳树脂、颜料、助剂等加工而成，是目前综合性能最优异的涂料之一，氟碳漆有“涂料王”的誉称。由于氟树脂分子内含有高键能的C—F键，分子稳定，C—F键包围在碳链外形成保护层，使C-C键不易受外界侵袭，并使整个分子链僵硬，呈螺旋状，使得氟聚合物有着高化学惰性、热稳定性。

氟碳漆优缺点：

（1）优良的防腐蚀性能——因其极好的化学惰性，漆膜耐酸、碱、盐等化学物质和多种化学溶剂

（2）耐紫外线、耐辐射性、超长耐候性——涂层中含有大量的C—F键，决定了其超强的稳定性，不易粉化、不易褪色。

（3）有机氟聚合物表面能低，因此具有自润滑性、不粘附性、憎油憎水、自清洁。

（4）透氧性小，能起到屏蔽作用

（5）该漆膜坚韧——表面硬度高、耐冲击、抗屈曲、耐磨性好。显示出极佳的物理机械性能

（6）抗湿抗菌性

缺点：易出现附着力不佳情况、溶解难（一般氟碳漆需要专用稀释剂）

氟含量对氟涂料其他性能的影响

氟原子极性低，表面性质光滑，具有不粘性及平滑性，保持含氟聚合物一定的氟含量能使氟涂料具有突出的抗污染特性、自洁性；由于氟原子的特殊物性常数及氟原子三维排列的螺旋结构，含氟聚合物的耐热性、耐化学腐蚀性、抗光化学降解性等性能十分突出。

但是过高的氟含量(如TFE共聚物)还会出现低黏附性、低反射率(光泽低)、低极性(溶解性差、附着性降低、颜料相容性差)等负面影响。

防腐君看来：氟碳漆自清洁性、不粘性及平滑性等优点其实与氟碳漆附着力是一个矛与盾的关系。

氟碳漆氟含量是一个重要指标，对于不同类型聚合物，有不同的可比性，其高低对性能的影响也不一致，要区别对待。根据使用环境和性能要求，做到氟含量与性能之间的最佳平衡，不能盲目随从。

参考文章：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIwNjQ3Njg1Mg==&mid=2247484205&idx=1&sn=817fdff6a2831779b71490a048679e0c&chksm=97204076a057c960f5a7a10665658a92ae8383b0eb22d2625a8dec0d3cec51b9c1f43a2631a8#rd

铁罐一般是采用马口铁、薄铝板制造的金属材质包装罐,主要用于包装各种罐头食品和饮料，或是其他食品包装。铁罐按三片罐和两片罐的制造方法分类。下面介绍下三片罐制作法。关于铁罐的三片罐有近200年的运用历史,由罐身、罐底和罐盖三片金属马口铁基本组合制成,故得名"三片罐"。普通三片罐的罐底和罐盖，因为它们形状、尺寸及制造方法完全相同,所以统称罐盖。锡焊和熔焊成为铁罐的罐身纵缝的密封形式,前者使用较早,但由于锡焊中含有铅,现已呈淘汰的趋势；后者熔焊可以避免铅的污染,并且能耗低、材料消耗少，但是存在的缺点是生产设备较复杂。三片罐具有刚性好,能生产各种形状的铁罐,材料利用率较高,容易变换尺寸,生产工艺成熟,包装产品种类多的特点。以红牛为例、打印和涂布等前期我们就不谈了在制罐线上是将它的底和盖先制造出来然后有条线是做罐身的主动把罐身搓圆然后焊接，最终封盖，最终连同这个空罐（不含底）和底一同运到灌装厂罐装今后由灌装厂封底儿。当然了，这是简略的程序，制盖和底儿进程就有很多部包含下料、冲盖、缩颈、注胶等等。

东莞马口铁罐报价、茶叶罐报价、东莞金属盒生产商、金属罐出售、东莞食品罐生产、东莞月饼盒、糖果罐批发三片罐的优点相对于三片罐来说是无法企及的，罐的密封性好，内装食品卫生质量高，罐身直接拉伸成型，不渗漏，可以确保产品质量，罐内壁完整无接缝，罐身和罐盖的封合气密性高，保证了内装物的安全，罐更是美观大方，罐身没有接缝，外侧光华均匀，通体外观线条柔和、流畅，具有良好的艺术效果。更有益于增强印刷效果，造型美观，并且节省原材料，罐身是整体成型，不需要罐底接缝，生产效率也高，两片罐只有两个部件，对工艺过程的简化，提高生产能力大有好处。可是两片罐也有不好的地方，罐型会比较单一，难以适应多品种，多样化的要求，生活中涉及到的铁罐子太多太多，仅仅有两片罐是无法满足人们日益渐进的生活，但是润丰包装会顺应时代的需求，发展更多融入客户的生活，成为生活中必不可少的一部分。

如果有好几个键同时不灵，则有可能是内部的导线出现断裂，当然也有可能是接触不良造成的。可打开键盘，仔细观察不灵的几个键下面的印刷电路板印制导线上是否有脏物，或薄膜的导电银层上是否有脏物等。可用擦字橡皮轻轻擦拭，除去脏物，使之接触良好。如果仍然不灵，则说明印制导线或薄膜的导电银层出现断裂。其断裂之处往往要用放大镜仔细观察才能发现。同时，也可借助万用表的欧姆档检测确定。如果是印刷电路板上的导线断裂，用电烙铁将一根细铜线用锡焊接上就可以了。如果是薄膜的导电银层断裂就无法焊接，一般可用研细的石墨粉加环氧树脂调匀后涂在导电银层的断裂处，干后用万用表的欧姆档测量，电阻小于300欧姆就可以了。如果电阻较大，可以再涂一次。但要注意，涂的时候千万不要把涂料涂出导电银层的界外，以免造成短路。等胶水干后，按照原样装好就能使用了。