HAKEHANBEl裤是是什么牌子的

1、Qu Yuan (about 340 BC - 278 BC), a poet and politician of the Chu State during the Warring States Period. Born in Danyang, the country of Chu (now Yichang, Hubei).

屈原（约公元前340—公元前278年），中国战国时期楚国诗人、政治家。出生于楚国丹阳秭归（今湖北宜昌）。

2、The descendants of Qu Wu Wang Xiongtongs son. When I was a teenager, I was well educated. In the early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang, and he served as a left-winger and a three-time doctor. He also took charge of internal affairs and diplomacy.

楚武王熊通之子屈瑕的后代。少年时受过良好的教育，博闻强识，志向远大。早年受楚怀王信任，任左徒、三闾大夫，兼管内政外交大事。

3、Advocating American politics, advocating for the internal ethics, cultivating the law, and external forces to fight against Qin. Due to the exclusion of the nobility, it was exiled to the Hanbei and Xiaoxiang river basins. After being attacked by the Qin army, the Chu State was self-sinking in the Luo River and taking advantage of the country.

提倡“美政”，主张对内举贤任能，修明法度，对外力主联齐抗秦。因遭贵族排挤诽谤，被先后流放至汉北和沅湘流域。楚国郢都被秦军攻破后，自沉于汨罗江，以身殉国。

1.急

《楚辞·离骚》—屈原 。

Li Sao。Qu Yuan。

长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。Long did I sigh and wipe away my tears,To see my people bowed by griefs and fears.余虽好修姱以鞿羁兮，謇朝谇而夕替。

Though I my gifts enhanced and curbed my pride,At morn they'd mock me, would at eve deride；既替余以蕙纕兮，又申之以揽茝。First cursed that I angelica should wear,Then cursed me for my melilotus fair.亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。

But since my heart did love such purity,I'd not regret a thousand deaths to die.怨灵修之浩荡兮，终不察夫民心。I marvel at the folly of the king,So heedless of his people's suffering.众女嫉余之蛾眉兮，谣诼谓余以善淫。

They envied me my mothlike eyebrows fine,And so my name his damsels did malign.固时俗之工巧兮，偭规矩而改错。Truly to craft alone their praise they paid,The square in measuring they disobeyed；背绳墨以追曲兮，竞周容以为度。

With confidence their crooked lines they traced.忳郁邑余佗傺兮，吾独穷困乎此时也！In sadness plunged and sunk in deepest gloom,Alone I drove on to my dreary doom.宁溘死以流亡兮，余不忍为此态也！In exile rather would I meet my end,Than to the baseness of their ways descend.鸷鸟之不群兮，自前世而固然。Remote the eagle spurns the common range,Nor deigns since time began its way to change；何方圜之能周兮，夫孰异道而相安？A circle fits not with a square designTheir different ways could not be merged with mine.屈心而抑志兮，忍尤而攘垢。

Yet still my heart I checked and curbed my pride,Their blame endured and their reproach beside.伏清白以死直兮，固前圣之所厚。To die for righteousness alone I sought,For this was what the ancient sages taught.。

2.屈原的名言,要英语的

I see road, I will search up and down. (qu yuan's li SAO)

路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。 （屈原·离骚）

Long heave a deep sigh to yan cried, the cry of the people's livelihood more difficult. (qu yuan's li SAO)

长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。 （屈原·离骚）

If Yu Xinzhi end straight, though remote it hurt? (qu yuan, wading river) (qu yuan, wade jiang)

苟余心之端直兮，虽僻远其何伤？ （屈原·涉江）

希望能帮到你

3.急

《楚辞·离骚》—屈原 。

Li Sao。

Qu Yuan。

长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。

Long did I sigh and wipe away my tears,To see my people bowed by griefs and fears.

余虽好修姱以鞿羁兮，謇朝谇而夕替。

Though I my gifts enhanced and curbed my pride,At morn they'd mock me, would at eve deride

既替余以蕙纕兮，又申之以揽茝。

First cursed that I angelica should wear,Then cursed me for my melilotus fair.

亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。

But since my heart did love such purity,I'd not regret a thousand deaths to die.

怨灵修之浩荡兮，终不察夫民心。

I marvel at the folly of the king,So heedless of his people's suffering.

众女嫉余之蛾眉兮，谣诼谓余以善淫。

They envied me my mothlike eyebrows fine,And so my name his damsels did malign.

固时俗之工巧兮，偭规矩而改错。

Truly to craft alone their praise they paid,The square in measuring they disobeyed

背绳墨以追曲兮，竞周容以为度。

With confidence their crooked lines they traced.

忳郁邑余佗傺兮，吾独穷困乎此时也！

In sadness plunged and sunk in deepest gloom,Alone I drove on to my dreary doom.

宁溘死以流亡兮，余不忍为此态也！

In exile rather would I meet my end,Than to the baseness of their ways descend.

鸷鸟之不群兮，自前世而固然。

Remote the eagle spurns the common range,Nor deigns since time began its way to change

何方圜之能周兮，夫孰异道而相安？

A circle fits not with a square designTheir different ways could not be merged with mine.

屈心而抑志兮，忍尤而攘垢。

Yet still my heart I checked and curbed my pride,Their blame endured and their reproach beside.

伏清白以死直兮，固前圣之所厚。

To die for righteousness alone I sought,For this was what the ancient sages taught.

4.关于屈原的故事（英文,以及有中文解释）谢谢

Qu Yuan (about before 304 - 278 years ago) 战国末期楚国人，杰出的政治家和爱国诗人.名平，字原.楚武王熊通之子屈瑕的后代.丹阳（今湖北秭归）人. Chu late Warring States Period, outstanding politician and patriotic poet. Civilians, the original word. Chu Wu Yu-Xiong son flexor blemish for future generations. Danyang (this Zigui in Hubei Province) people. 屈原是我国第一位伟大的爱国主义诗人，他开创了诗歌从集体歌唱转变为个人独立创作的新纪元，是我国积极浪漫主义诗歌传统的奠基人，"世界四大文化名人"（另有波兰的哥白尼、英国的莎士比亚、意大利的但丁）之一. Qu Yuan was one of China's first great poet of patriotism, he created a poetry from the collective singing into a new era of creative personal independence, China is actively traditional founder of Romantic poetry, "the world's four major cultural celebrities" (otherwise Poland Copernicus, the British Shakespeare, Italy the Dante) one. 屈原一生经历楚威王，楚怀王， Qu Yuan's experiences Chu-wei Wang, King， 顷襄王三个时期，而主要活动在楚 Hectare entered three times, and the main activities in Chu 怀王时期.他对内辅佐怀王变法图 Huai WANG period. He Reform of domestic accessory huai WANG 强，对外积极主张联齐抗秦.后因 A strong advocate of positive external Qi Gang Qin. Due to 小人诬陷，被怀王疏远，并两次遭 The small-framed, was huai WANG alienation, and two were 放逐.第一次在怀王时期，被流放 Exile. Huai WANG in the first period, he was exiled 到汉北；第二次在顷襄王时期，被流放到沅，湘一带.最 Han to the NorthIn hectare entered the second period and was banished to the Yuan, Hunan area. Most 后，在无可奈何之际，他自沉汨罗江，以明其忠贞爱国的 Later, in a time when no alternative, since Shen Miluo River of his loyalty to the motherland. 的情怀. The sentiments. 屈原的作品有《离骚》，《天问》，《九歌〉，《九 Qu Yuan's works, "Li Sao", "Heaven", "Nine Songs>" 9 章〉，《招魂》等.大体说来，《离骚》，《天问》， Chapter>"spirits." Overall, "Li Sao", "Heaven"， 《九歌》可以作为屈原作品三种类型的代表.《九章》 "Nine Songs" Qu Yuan's works can be used as three types of representatives. "IX" 与《离骚》类似，重在表现作者内心的情愫.《天问〉 "Lament" similar, focusing on the performance of the author inner sincerity. "Heaven>是屈原根据神话，传说材料创作的诗篇，以问语一连向 Qu Yuan is the myth, legend creation of the poem, asked to language row 苍天提出了172个问题，涉及了天文，地理，文学，哲学 Heavens to the 172 issue involving the astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy 等许多领域，表现了诗人对传统观念的大胆怀疑和追求 ， And many other fields, a performance poet on traditional concepts and the bold pursuit of suspected 真理的科学精神.《九歌》是楚国祭神乐曲，经屈原加 The truth of the scientific spirit. "Nine Songs" is the finest piece of Chu, and the Yuan 工润色而成，充满浓厚的生活气息. The refined form, a strong appreciation of life. 屈原是中国文学史上第一位伟大的爱国诗人.他的作 Qu Yuan was one of China's literary history of the great patriotic poet. For his 品开创了我国诗歌的浪漫主义传统.他的崇高精神和巍 Commodities created a tradition of Romantic poetry. His lofty spirit and Wei 巍人格千百年来感召和哺育着无数中华儿 .人民永远景 Wei personality to inspire thousands of numerous Chinese and nursing infants. People will always be King 仰他，热爱他.中国民间5月5端午节包粽子，赛龙舟的 Yang him, love him. Chinese Folk Festival-May 5 Ancients, the dragon-boat race 习俗就是源于对他的纪念. Customs is the origin of his Memorial. 屈原是中国文学史上第一位伟大的爱国诗人.是浪漫主义诗人的杰出代表.作为一位杰出的政治家和爱国志士，屈原爱祖国爱人民，坚持真理，宁死不屈的精神和他"可与日月争光"的巍巍人格，千百年来感召和哺育着无数中华儿女，尤其是当国家民族处于危难之际，这种精神的感召作用就更加明显.作为一个伟大的诗人，屈原的出现，不仅标志着中国诗歌进入了一个由集体歌唱到个人独创的新时代，而且他所开创的新诗体——楚辞，突破了《诗经》的表现形式，极大地丰富了诗歌的表现力，为中国古代的诗歌创作开辟了一片新天地.后人也因此将《楚辞》与《诗经》并称为"风，骚"."风，骚"是中国诗歌史上现实主义和浪漫主义两大优良传统的源头.同时，以屈原为代表的楚辞还影响到汉赋的形成. Qu Yuan was one of China's literary history of the great patriotic poet. Romantic poet is an outstanding representative. As an outstanding politician and patriotic Patriots, Qu Yuan love the motherland and the people, upholding truth and the spirit and to submit his "Sun and the Moon and brought glory。

5.找五句屈原名句及其翻译

路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。

（离骚） 翻译：前路漫漫、又长又远啊，（但是）我（就算是）上天入地，也将会对它进行求解探索！ 长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。 （离骚） 翻译：（我）常常大声地叹息并流着眼泪‘（因为我）为人民生活处境的艰难而感到哀伤啊！ 亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。

（离骚） 翻译：（如果）也是我内心所喜欢并认为好的，就算是为了它死上许多次，也不会有丝毫的后悔！ 指九天以为正兮，夫惟灵修之故也。 （离骚） 翻译：指着苍天为我作证（对天发誓），（我所有的行为忧虑等）都是因为大王你的缘故啊。

（意即为楚王尽忠的缘故）【“灵修”指代楚王】 袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下。 （九歌） 翻译：秋风袅袅地吹佛啊，洞庭湖的湖波也在涌动，树叶也纷纷扬扬的下落。

01、鸟飞返故乡兮，狐死必首丘。语出屈原《九章 哀郢》公元前278年秦将白起攻破楚国都城郢，诗人作诗哀悼。

这两句诗便于哀惋中流露了对故国的眷恋，诗中向故乡寻觅栖息之所的飞鸟和即使死去也要把头颅朝向自己洞穴的狐狸，就是诗人自己的化身。 02、朝饮木兰之坠露兮，夕餐秋菊之落英. 语出屈原《离骚》。

“坠露”与“落英”都是高洁芬芳之物，诗人说以之为食，是就精神素养而言，与字面意义无涉.此句意象玲珑，境界虚空，读之如醍醐灌顶，使人心地一片澄明。03、悲莫悲兮生别离，乐莫乐兮新相知. 语出屈原《九歌 司命》。

此写恋人离别后的惆怅.前句写现实的悲哀，后句更写回味中流露了无限的眷恋.虽然直抒胸臆，不假物象，但却有一唱三叹之妙。 04、举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒。

语出屈原《渔父》。这两句诗既体现了诗人异乎寻常的人格，同时也揭示了他因此而遭受摧残的原因。

在诗人看来，他身处的世界充其量只是藏污纳垢的渊薮和充满醉汉的场所。诗人与激愤和苍凉中流露了无限的孤独。

6.屈原介绍 英文版

Qu Yuan (about 340 BC - 278 BC), a poet and politician of the Chu State during the Warring States Period. Born in Danyang, the country of Chu (now Yichang, Hubei). 屈原（约公元前340—公元前278年），中国战国时期楚国诗人、政治家。

出生于楚国丹阳秭归（今湖北宜昌）。 The descendants of Qu Wu Wang Xiongtong's son. When I was a teenager, I was well educated. In the early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang, and he served as a left-winger and a three-time doctor. He also took charge of internal affairs and diplomacy. 楚武王熊通之子屈瑕的后代。

少年时受过良好的教育，博闻强识，志向远大。早年受楚怀王信任，任左徒、三闾大夫，兼管内政外交大事。

Advocating "American politics", advocating for the internal ethics, cultivating the law, and external forces to fight against Qin. Due to the exclusion of the nobility, it was exiled to the Hanbei and Xiaoxiang river basins. After being attacked by the Qin army, the Chu State was self-sinking in the Luo River and taking advantage of the country. 提倡“美政”，主张对内举贤任能，修明法度，对外力主联齐抗秦。因遭贵族排挤诽谤，被先后流放至汉北和沅湘流域。

楚国郢都被秦军攻破后，自沉于汨罗江，以身殉国。扩展资料：屈原是中国历史上第一位伟大的爱国诗人，中国浪漫主义文学的奠基人，“楚辞”的创立者和代表作家，开辟了“香草美人”的传统，被誉为“辞赋之祖”“中华诗祖”。

屈原作品的出现，标志着中国诗歌进入了一个由集体歌唱到个人独创的新时代。其主要作品有《离骚》《九歌》《九章》《天问》等。

以屈原作品为主体的《楚辞》是中国浪漫主义文学的源头之一，与《诗经》并称“风骚”，对后世诗歌产生了深远影响。屈原创立了“楚辞”这种文体（也称“骚体”），被誉为“衣被词人，非一代也”。

7.关于古代诗人屈原的故事英语作文

(For thousands of years,the tradition of the Duanwu Festival has been passed down from one generation to the next.But where did it come from and why did people eat Zongzi and race dragon boats?Many scholars have studied these questions and given their academic explanations.)

One explanation is that the Duanwu Festival originated from people's worship of dragons.In ancient China,people believed the dragon was the god in charge of water,which was vitally important to daily life and agricultural production.On the day of Duanwu,people raced dragon boats to entertain the god and offered him Zongzi as a treat.The sole purpose was to please the god to ensure a year of favorable weather.

Some people believe Duanwu comes from activities instigated by ancient sorcerers.These activities were held in early summer when the hot weather was about to bring diseases to people who didn't have modern devices and medicines to protect themselves.So,ancient sorcerers encouraged people to wear fragrant pouches and hang mugwort and calamus on their doors to drive away the so-called evil spirits that caused diseases.

Scholars may provide many other explanations about the origin of the Duanwu Festival.But if you ask ordinary people about its origin,you'll get the same answer.They will tell you that the Duanwu Festival honors the great poet,Qu Yuan.They'll also tell you the story that has been passed down for more than 2,000 years.

Qu Yuan was born in 340 BC,during the Warring States Period.At that time,there were seven states struggling among themselves to unify China.Of the seven states,Qin was the strongest and Chu the largest.

Qu Yuan was a noble of Chu.During his lifetime,the powerful kingdom of Chu fell into a decline.

8.屈原生平资料（英语）

Chuci 楚辞 and Poetry of the South by Qu Yuan 屈原Qu Yuan 屈原（d. 278 BC） was a high minister at the Warring States time court of the king of Chu 楚， proposing him reforms in government and an alliance with other states to encounter the power of the neighboring state of Qin 秦. When the king did not follow his advises and was taken a prisoner by Qin, Qu Yuan wrote "Sorrow after department" Li Sao 离骚， a kind of autobiography. The disappointed poet drowned himself in the Dongting lake after the king of Chu died in his prison far from home. People offered rice balls to his soul, and during the mid autumn moon festival, rice balls (zongzi 粽子) are still a popular meal. Other poems that are ascribed to Qu Yuan are the Nine Songs (Jiu Ge 九歌)， the Nine Elegies (Jiu Zhang 九章)， "Asking Heaven" (Tian Wen 天问) and some more. The particular style of this poetry gave it the name "Poetry of Chu (the most southern state of that period)" Chu Ci 楚辞. It is different from the northern poetry styles both in verse (the verse divider xi 兮， a particle expressing sighing) and in content. The northern literature is much more plain of feelings, while the poems in the southern state of Chu are full of sentiment and even mystical visions. Qu Yuan is guided on his horse chart to a heaven far from the human world. His evokings of the Goddess of the river is an example of shamanism widespread in the southern religion. Southern poetry later became very popular among Taoists that also saw man as a mere small being the cosm and nature.有关楚辞的英文网络资源：Chinese Literature - Chuci and Poetry of the South/04qart/chuci.htmScenes Illustrating Melodies from the Chu Ci/ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=b00possAncient Poems: The Songs of the South (Chinese-English)/main/ntqueryjsessionid=8nb6jricds4bn?tname=chu-ci&curtab=2222_1&hl=shi&hl=jing&sbid=lc01b。

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (February 2, 1536 – September 18, 1598) was a Sengoku period daimyo who unified Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, after Hideyoshi's castle. He is noted for a number of cultural legacies, including the restriction that only members of the samurai class could bear arms. Hideyoshi is regarded as Japan's second "great unifier."

Early life

Very little is known for certain about Hideyoshi before 1570, when he begins to appear in surviving documents and letters. His autobiography starts in 1577 but in it Hideyoshi spoke very little about his past. By tradition, he was born in what is now Nakamura-ku, Nagoya (at the time, the location was in Aichi District, Owari Province), the home of the Oda clan. He was born of no traceable samurai lineage, the son of a peasant-warrior named Yaemon.He had no surname. His childhood given name was Hiyoshi-maru ("Bounty of the Sun") although variations exist.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi had been given the nickname Saru, meaning "monkey," from his lord Oda Nobunaga because of his facial features and skinny body resembled that of a monkey.

According to Maeda Toshiie and a European missionary named Luis Frois, Hideyoshi was polydactyl with two thumbs on his right hand. He did not amputate his extra thumb as other Japanese of this period would have done.

Many legends describe Hideyoshi being sent to study at a temple as a young man, but that he rejected temple life and went in search of adventure. Under the name Kinoshita Tōkichirō, he first joined the Imagawa clan as a servant to local ruler Matsushita Kahei. He traveled all the way to the lands of Imagawa Yoshimoto, daimyo of Suruga Province, and served there for a time, only to abscond with a sum of money entrusted to him by Matsushita Yukitsuna.

[edit] Rise to power

Around 1547 he returned to Owari and joined the Oda clan, now headed by Oda Nobunaga, as a lowly servant. He became one of Nobunaga's sandal-bearers and was present at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560 when Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto to become one of the most powerful warlords in the Sengoku period. According to his biographers, he supervised the repair of Kiyosu Castle, a claim described as "apocryphal", and managed the kitchen. In 1561, Hideyoshi married Nene. He carried out repairs on Sunomata Castle with his younger brother Toyotomi Hidenaga and the bandits Hachisuka Masakatsu and Maeno Nagayasu. Hideyoshi's efforts were well received because Sunomata was in enemy territory. He constructed a fort in Sunomata[3], according to legend overnight, and discovered a secret route into Mount Inaba after which much of the garrison surrendered.

Hideyoshi was very successful as a negotiator. In 1564 he managed to convince, mostly with liberal bribes, a number of Mino warlords to desert the Saitō clan. Hideyoshi approached many Saitō clan samurai and convinced them to submit to Nobunaga, including the Saitō clan's strategist Takenaka Hanbei.

100 Aspects of the Moon #7, by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi: "Mount Inaba Moon." The young Toyotomi Hideyoshi (then named Kinoshita Tōkichirō) leads a small group assaulting the castle on Mount Inaba1885, 12th monthNobunaga's easy victory at Inabayama Castle in 1567 was largely due to Hideyoshi's efforts, and despite his peasant origins, Hideyoshi became one of Nobunaga's most distinguished generals, eventually taking the name Hashiba Hideyoshi. The new surname included two characters, one from one of Oda's two other right-hand men, Niwa Nagahide and Shibata Katsuie.

Hideyoshi led troops in the Battle of Anegawa in 1570 in which Oda Nobunaga allied with future rival Tokugawa Ieyasu (who would eventually displace Hideyoshi's son and rule Japan) to lay siege to two fortresses of the Azai and Asakura clans.[4] In 1573, after victorious campaigns against the Azai and Asakura, Nobunaga appointed Hideyoshi daimyo of three districts in the northern part of Ōmi Province. Initially based at the former Azai headquarters in Odani, Hideyoshi moved to Kunitomo, and renamed the city Nagahama in tribute to Nobunaga. Hideyoshi later moved to the port at Imahama on Lake Biwa. From there he began work on Imahama Castle and took control of the nearby Kunitomo firearms factory that had been established some years previously by the Azai and Asakura. Under Hideyoshi's administration the factory's output of firearms increased dramatically.

After the assassinations at Honnō-ji of Oda Nobunaga and his eldest son Nobutada in 1582 at the hands of Akechi Mitsuhide, Hideyoshi defeated Akechi at the Battle of Yamazaki.

At a meeting at Kiyosu to decide on a successor to Nobunaga, Hideyoshi cast aside the apparent candidate, Oda Nobutaka and his advocate, Oda clan's chief general, Shibata Katsuie, by supporting Nobutada's young son, Oda Hidenobu. Having won the support of the other two Oda elders, Niwa Nagahide and Ikeda Tsuneoki, Hideyoshi established Hidenobu's position, as well as his own influence in the Oda clan. Tension quickly escalated between Hideyoshi and Katsuie, and at the Battle of Shizugatake in the following year, Hideyoshi destroyed Katsuie's forces and thus consolidated his own power, absorbing most of the Oda clan into his control.

In 1583, Hideyoshi began construction of Osaka Castle. Built on the site of the temple Ishiyama Honganji destroyed by Nobunaga,[8] the castle would become the last stronghold of the Toyotomi clan after Hideyoshi's death.

Nobunaga's other son, Oda Nobukatsu, remained hostile to Hideyoshi. He allied himself with Tokugawa Ieyasu, and the two sides fought at the inconclusive Battle of Komaki and Nagakute. It ultimately resulted in a stalemate, although Hideyoshi's forces were delivered a heavy blow. Finally, Hashiba made peace with Nobukatsu, ending the pretext for war between the Tokugawa and Hashiba clans. Hideyoshi sent Tokugawa Ieyasu his younger sister and mother as hostages. Ieyasu eventually agreed to become a vassal of Hideyoshi.

Pinnacle of power

Kaō of HideyoshiLike Nobunaga before him, Hideyoshi never sought the title of shogun. Instead, he arranged to have himself adopted into the Fujiwara Regents House, and secured a succession of high imperial court titles including, in 1585 the prestigious position of regent (kampaku). In 1586, Hideyoshi was formally given the name Toyotomi by the imperial court.He built a lavish palace, the Jurakudai, in 1587 and entertained the reigning Emperor Go-Yozei the following year.

Afterwards, Hideyoshi subjugated Kii Province and conquered Shikoku under the Chōsokabe clan. He also took control of Etchū Province and conquered Kyūshū. In 1587, Hideyoshi banished Christian missionaries from Kyūshū to exert greater control over the Kirishitan daimyo.However, since he made much of trade with Europeans, individual Christians were overlooked unofficially. In 1588, Hideyoshi forbade ordinary peasants from owning weapons and started a sword hunt to confiscate arms. The swords were melted down to create a statue of the Buddha. This measure effectively stopped peasant revolts and ensured greater stability at the expense of freedom of the individual daimyo. The 1590 Siege of Odawara against the Late Hōjō clan in Kantō eliminated the last resistance to Hideyoshi's authority. His victory signified the end of the Sengoku period.

In February 1591, Hideyoshi ordered Sen no Rikyū to commit suicide.[18] Rikyū had been a trusted retainer and master of the tea ceremony under both Hideyoshi and Nobunaga. Under Hideyoshi's patronage, Rikyū made significant changes to the aesthetics of the tea ceremony that had lasting influence over many aspects of Japanese culture. Even after he ordered Rikyū's suicide, Hideyoshi is said to have built his many construction projects based upon principles of beauty promoted by Rikyū.

The stability of the Toyotomi dynasty after Hideyoshi's death was put in doubt with the death of his only son Tsurumatsu in September 1591. The three-year-old was his only child. When his half-brother Hidenaga died shortly after his son, Hideyoshi named his nephew Hidetsugu his heir, adopting him in January 1592. Hideyoshi resigned as kampaku to take the title of taikō (retired regent). Hidetsugu succeeded him as kampaku.

Decline and death

His health beginning to falter, but still yearning for some accomplishment to solidify his legacy, Hideyoshi adopted the dream of a Japanese conquest of China that Oda Nobunaga had contemplated, and launched two ill-fated invasions of Korea. Though he actually intended to conquer Ming China,[19] Japanese forces would never get beyond the Korean Peninsula. Hideyoshi had been communicating with the Koreans since 1587 requesting unmolested passage into China. As allies of Ming China, the Koreans at first refused talks entirely, and in April and July 1591 refused demands that Japanese troops be allowed to march through Korea. In August, Hideyoshi ordered preparations for invasion.

In the first campaign, Japanese forces were initially very successful. By May 1592, Seoul was occupied, and in only four months, Hideyoshi's forces had a route into Manchuria and occupied much of Korea. However, despite the Japanese success on land (in fact, the commander Katō Kiyomasa had followed the eastern coast of Korea into what is now Manchuria), naval forces under Admiral Yi Sun-sin soon counterattacked the Japanese fleet, cutting off the Japanese army's supply lines and effectively strangling the invasion in Korea. In 1593, Ming Chinese Emperor Wanli sent an army under Admiral Li Rusong to block the planned invasion of China and recapture the Korean peninsula. Chinese and Korean forces drove the Japanese army from Seoul and Pyongyang. The war reached a deadlock, and after the conclusion of a cease-fire agreement, Japanese troops retreated to Japan.

The birth of Hideyoshi's second son, Hideyori, in 1593 created a potential succession problem. To avoid it, Hideyoshi exiled his nephew and heir Hidetsugu to Mount Kōya and then ordered him to commit suicide in August 1595. Hidetsugu's family members who did not follow his example were then murdered in Kyoto, including 31 women and several children.

After several years of negotiations (broken off, because envoys of both side reported to their master that the opposition surrendered), Hideyoshi launched his second invasion of Korea in 1597, but met with less success. Japanese troops would remain largely in Gyeongsang province. By June 1598, the campaign was stalled and reduced to approximately 60,000 warriors under the Shimazu clan commanders, Shimazu Yoshihiro and his son Tadatsune. The remaining Japanese forces fought desperately, turning back several Chinese attacks in Suncheon and Sacheon as the Ming army prepared for a final assault. The Koreans' unexpected talent for guerrilla warfare, aided by the fact that they were fighting on their home territories, continually harassed Japanese forces. While Hideyoshi's last battle at So-chon, was a major Japanese victory, all three parties to the war were exhausted and Hideyoshi himself now accepted that the war could not be won.[21] He told his commander in Korea: "Don't let my soldiers become spirits in a foreign land."[22]

Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in September 1598. His death was kept secret by the Council of Five Elders to preserve morale. It was not until late October that they sent a decree to the Japanese commanders to withdraw. In the last major conflict of the war, the Battle of Noryang, combined Korean and Chinese naval forces led by admirals Yi Sun-sin and Chen Lin blocked the Japanese withdrawal. Japanese forces suffered heavy damage and Korean admiral Yi Sun-sin was killed, but the remaining Japan forces broke through and withdrew to Busan at a cost of 200 ships destroyed and 100 captured, according to Korean records.[23]

Because of his failure to capture Korea, Hideyoshi's forces were unable to invade China. Rather than strengthen his position, the military expeditions left his clan's coffers decreased, his vassals at odds over responsibility for the failure, and the clans that were loyal to the Toyotomi name weakened. The dream of a Japanese empire throughout Asia ended with Hideyoshi. The Tokugawa government not only prevented any military expeditions to the mainland, but closed Japan to nearly all foreigners. It was not until the late 19th century that Japan would again fight a war against China through Korea, using much the same route that Hideyoshi's invasion force had used.

After his death, the other members of the Council of Five Regents were unable to keep the ambitions of Tokugawa Ieyasu in check. Two of Hideyoshi's top generals Katō Kiyomasa and Fukushima Masanori had fought bravely during the war, but returned to find Toyotomi clan bureaucrat Ishida Mitsunari in power. He held the generals in low esteem, and they sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu. Hideyoshi's underaged son and designated successor Hideyori lost the power his father once held, and Tokugawa Ieyasu was declared shogun following the Battle of Sekigahara.

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