供水设备中水泵类型如何选择

选购方法

水泵的流量，即出水量，一般不宜选得过大，否则会增加购买水泵的费用。应按需选用，如用户家庭使用的自吸式水泵，流量应尽量选小一些的；如用户灌溉用的潜水泵，就可适当选择流量大一些的。

水泵

水泵

1）要因地制宜选购水泵。常用的农用水泵有3种类型，即离心泵、轴流泵和混流泵。离心泵扬程较高，但出水量不大，适用于山区和井灌区；轴流泵出水量较大，但扬程不太高，适用于平原地区使用；混流泵的出水量和扬程介于离心泵和轴流泵之间，适用于平原和丘陵地区使用。用户要根据地的地况、水源和提水高度进行选购。

2）要适当超标选水泵。确定水泵类型后，要考虑其经济性能，特别要注意水泵的扬程和流量及其配套动力的选择。必须注意，水泵标牌上注明的扬程(总扬程)与使用时的出水扬程(实际扬程)是有差别的，这是由于水流通过输水管和管路附近时会有一定的阻力损失。所以，实际扬程一般要比总扬程低10%—20%，出水量也相应减少。因此，实际使用时，只能按标牌所注扬程和流量的80%～90%估算，水泵配套动力的选择，可按标牌上注明的功率选择，为了使水泵启动迅速和使用安全，动力机的功率也可略大于水泵所需功率，一般高出10%左右为宜；如果已有动力，选购水泵时，则可按动力机的功率选购与之相配套的水泵。

3）要严格手续购水泵。选购时要审验“三证”，即农业机械推广许可证、生产许可证和产品检验合格证，只有三证齐方能避免购置淘汰产品及劣质产品。

台数选择

1、对正常运转的泵，一般只用一台，因为一台大泵与并联工作的两台小泵相当，（指扬程、流量相同），大泵效率高于小泵，故从节能角度讲宁可选一台大泵，而不用两台小泵，但遇有下列情况时，可考虑两台泵并联合作：流量很大，一台泵达不到此流量。

2、对于需要有50%的备用率大型泵，可改两台较小的泵工作，两台备用（共四台）

3、对某些大型泵，可选用70%流量要求的泵并联操作，不用备用泵，在一台泵检修时，另一台泵仍然承担　生产上70%的输送。

4、对需24小时连续不停运转的泵，应备用三台泵，一台运转，一台备用，一台维修。

参数选择

供水加压站是缓解城市供水压力不足的一项有效措施，其核心就是提升泵站，而泵站的核心就是水泵。水泵的选择不仅影响到供水加压站是否能正常开展工作，选型的合理更直接关系到泵站的运行成本。

国内一般的供水加压站通常采用的是离心泵，离心泵具有结构简单、输液无脉动、流量调节简单等优点。根据工程的实际情况，首先选取离心泵的类别，进行如下考虑。

（1）根据介质特性决定选取哪种特性泵。如清水泵、耐腐蚀泵，或化工流程泵和杂质泵等。介质为剧毒、贵重或有放射性等不准许泄露物质时，应考虑选用无泄漏泵（如屏蔽泵、磁力泵等）或带有泄露收集泄露报警装置的双端面机械密封。如介质为液化烃等易挥发液体应选用低汽蚀余量蹦，如筒型泵。

（2）根据现场安装条件选择卧式泵、立式泵（含液下泵管道泵）。

（3）根据流量大小选用单吸泵、双吸泵、或小流量离心泵。

（4）根据扬程高低选用单级泵、多级泵，或高速离心泵等。

以上各项确定后，可根据各类泵中不同系列泵的特点及生产厂的条件，选择合适的泵系列。泵的类型、系列和材料选定后，再根据水泵厂家提供的样本及有关参数确定泵的型号。

问：如何选择合适的家用燃气壁挂炉

答：壁挂炉选择主要考虑以下几点：

1、壁挂炉使用安全；

安全尤为重要，安全与生命挂钩，没有了安全可以说是没有了一切，所以我们在买一些产品的时候一定要注重它的安全性，尤其是壁挂炉涉及到用水用电和用气安全。

2、带防冻功能；

壁挂炉的防冻功能也很重要，它可以防止冬天出现意外事故的发生。自动防冻功能其一，当水温降至5℃时，锅炉必须能自动启动。其二，当断气后，在5℃时，水泵应连续运行。

3、节能；

购买价格虽然重要，但节约燃气更加重要，购买时是一次性支出，而燃气费用是长期性支出。可是很多人都不知道该怎么判别它是否省气？其实壁挂炉的热效率就是最核心的节能技术指标。所以选购热效率高、售价适中的壁挂炉是最佳的选择。

4、品牌；

品牌是质量和信誉的保障，所以在购买产品的时候尽量购买一些正规品牌，例如：安尔瑞壁挂炉，正规品牌壁挂炉的零部件大都会采用格兰富水泵、新界水泵、西特燃气阀等国际知名大品牌，而一些假冒品牌为降低价格和扩大利润，零部件都没有正规品牌的好，更甚的还会用一些劣质品替代，其直接后果就是故障率高、废气，甚至发生安全事故。

5、功率选择；

对于家具使用的壁挂炉，需要选择合适的功率才行，功率太大就容易产生浪费，太小达不到采暖要求。

6、售后；

燃气壁挂炉是涉及到用水用电用气的复杂产品，对水电气等基础条件要求较高，如果出现故障，电话里基本解决不了问题，那我们只能花钱要求上门服务，而有些技术不够专业的，上门好几次也解决不了问题，费事费钱费力。所以我们在选购的时候也需要看这家企业的售后如何。

拓展资料

燃气壁挂炉使用方法有以下几点

1、注水；

刚安装的燃气壁挂炉先注水，注水方法是先打开排气阀，然后打开壁挂炉的补水阀进行补水，补水压力达到1.0—1.5bar后，请一定要关闭补水阀，否则，系统超压泄压阀会一直漏水，可能浸湿室内物品；然后观察排气阀的排气孔是否有水流出来，如果有水流出就说明系统水已经补满，可以关闭排气阀

2、通电；

将所有燃气壁挂炉的电源开关都打开，让壁挂炉接通电源开始工作，要注意的就是壁挂炉用的是漏电保护插头，按中间的开关键，可以打开电源。

3、运行；

这里的运行是指试运行，让燃气壁挂炉自行运行5分钟，等系统里面的空气排的差不多了，系统水压也稳定后，再开点火。

4、温度设置；

燃气壁挂炉分为两种，一种是单功能的，只能供暖，另一种是供暖和洗浴合一的壁挂炉。如果是双功能的需要对两个进行设定温度，如果是暖气片供暖，则设定温度为80度，如果是地暖供暖，则设定温度为60度。而生活热水部分设定温度最好不高于50度，首次运行的安尔瑞燃气壁挂炉由于水温比较冷，请不要将温度设置过高，过高的水温容易让壁挂炉长时间的运行而达不到设定温度。

5、调节水温；

这里是调节洗浴水温，在冬季可以将温度设置在42度以下天燃气壁挂炉，过高会烫人的；夏季水温可下降一到二度都可以，用户的正确操作步骤是先打开燃气阀门→开机→然后调节冬夏模式，按上下键调节供暖或洗浴水温即可。如果不点火，一般是水泵卡死，用平口螺丝刀拨动水泵叶轮旋转几圈，若问题不能得以解决，可联系售后服务人员。

参考资料：百度百科-壁挂炉

1、闽江水族

创立于1991年，是一家以水族箱制造为主的大型现代化生产企业，其产品含括各类大小型水族箱、水族器材、园林造景配套器材及宠物用品等两千余种，旗下拥有广东江门、天津、成都三大生产基地，公司通过了ISO9001：2008国际质量管理体系认证。

2、松宝sobo品牌

松宝sobo是一个主营鱼缸、水泵、温控用品的品牌，松宝sobo在鱼缸 , 宠物用品领域具有一定的知名度，由中山市松宝电器有限公司开设运营，产品涵盖了鱼缸、水泵、温控用品等。

3、伊罕

一个能够提供完整的、适用于淡水及海水水族箱及配套产品组合的优秀品牌，旗下产品包括：照明和照明控制设备、各系列内置和外置过滤器、加温棒、UV除藻杀菌灯、水泵、海水蛋白分离器、二氧化碳发生设备、各类清洁辅助产品、自动喂食器和原装配件等等。

4、捷宝/jebao

专业开发和生产池塘水泵、灯具、池塘过滤器、喷泉水泵及水族器材，产品适用于喷泉、流水景观、池塘过滤、家居装饰、工艺品等。 已获得GS、UL、CUL、BS、SAA等国际认证。

5、GRAFER

属于浙江建亚泵业有限公司，是行业内领先的知名企业，公司成立于2015年，主要从事水泵、电机、电焊机、振动器、空压机、开关制造、销售，五金产品销售。

1, uses

Installed in the pump outlet pipe Road, both electric valves, reversed water valves and water hammer eliminator three kinds of functions, effectively improve the safety and reliability of water supply, water supply engineering equipment in line with the requirements of mechanization and automation.

2, Features

1, eliminating water hammer and high reliability. Kai slowly closing devices, closed-chain movements are related to kick Editionautomatically closing speed, without the actual pump flow, head fluctuations, the calculation of time without closing speedwithout professional and technical personnel on-site adjustmentwithout any electrical appliances, as well as hydraulic components, fewer failure points.

2, eliminating water hammer effect is good. Will be closed fast, slow to absorb water hammer device closure, as well as the elimination of three who is blowing the technical principles of integrated design, so that less water hammer pressure pump shut down to the lowest limit.

3, operation and easy maintenance. Just pump operation of the hoist motor starter button, the valve that the pump operating procedures in accordance with automatic opening and closing. The key parts are all made of high-quality materials, and basic maintenance-free.

4, energy-saving effect is good. Use of streamlined, body models and the latest patented technology design, and import similar products, compared to reduce the resistance loss of more than 50%.

4, the structure (Figure 1)

Multifunctional pump control valve is from the main valve and the appearance of annexes, the main valve from the valve body, diaphragm (piston-cylinder), stem component, the main valve plate, valve seat and other major components composed mainly controlled exterior accessories valves, filters, emptying valve, micro valve, which valve is specially designed micro-parts, in their only set back to the direction of flow of holes is limited.

2, manual operation of hoist

In pump operation, the first manual control patch connectivity control room (piston-cylinder) control valves and venting valve, so that the pressure P3 or P4 equal to zero, a one-way pressure diaphragm pressure plate or piston can check the valve plate open and close of . The valve is turned on, due to slow-closing valve plate up, the main water valve plates have been cast aside and the realization of open movementsvalve is turned off, slow-closing valve plate promoting the valve plate closed.

6, installation considerations (Figure 4)

General Note:

1, the installation, be sure to check whether the various components of the main valve intact, solid pieces of complete, no loose.

2, check the connecting pipe intact, joint fastening.

3 ensure that the minimum pressure to meet the technical parameters required action.

4, the best way is to install the valve installed on the level of the main pipe, valve cover upward.

5 that if the main valve installed in the overcast wells should be prepared to stay a certain space for maintenance and technical personnel.

6, the installation, please note that outside the arrows indicate the direction of valve shall be anti-loaded.

7, such as to conduct and observe the pressure regulator, pressure gauge shall be installed in the import and export side.

8, for the fire to start the inspection on a regular basis, to prevent the generation scale, resulting in valve failure.

Particular attention to matters:

1, installation, pay attention to check the cleaning pipes, without welding slag, bolts and other foreign matter.

2, pipe installation should be installed into the regulatory requirements relating to exhaust valves and other devices to ensure that disruption does not produce the water column.

3, valve imported paragraph shall be installed expansion joints flexible joints or pipes.

4, there are potential hazards of water hammer pumping station, pump shut down should be carried out calculation of water hammer.

7, commissioning steps

2, manual operation test:

(1) Kai pump key to whether the observation of the leaking valve import and export of pressure are normal.

(2) to open, the control valve (14) closedemptying valve (15) closed, and then emptying valve (7) to open, then there is air or water discharge, indicating valve plates are openvalve plate to open in place, emptying valve (7) does not flow out, then the proof of justice is openvalve plate to open in place, emptying valve (7) does not flow out, then the proof of the piston-cylinder diaphragm intactemptying valve (7) is still flowing out, then the membrane film damage.

(3) the valve manually shut down: The pipe on the bypass control valve (2), closed, control valve (14) open, exhaust valve (7), closed, and then emptying valve (15) open, then there is water discharges, slow-closing valve plate to promote the main valve plate closedin the absence of water from the time that valve plate has been completely shut down. If the valve plate after the closure of emptying valve (15) is still flowing out, then we can see diaphragm seat (cylinder) and pass sets have been leaked (ie, pass bearing the "O"-rings have been damaged).

From the above two actions can be tested headstock stem movement is a reliable group of two. Tightness of the closure of valve plate check valve plate can be closed or observe whether there are water pipes sound meter.

3, stop pump slow closing time to adjust:

Closing time can be slow to stop pump by regulating the control valve on the bypass pipe (14) opening to regulate, should make fun of first control valve to extend the closing time delay. Into the slow closing time is too long, it will control valve (14) of the opening increases, or increasing the connecting pipe diameteror slow closing time is too short, you can control valve (14) of the opening tune small.

If abnormal, please click Table 2 approach or directly with the company.